Dentin degradonomics – The potential role of salivary MMP-8 in dentin caries

Abstract

Background: Dentin caries involves dissolution of minerals which eventually leads to degradation of organic matrix. This degradation which was thought to be by bacterial proteases is now considered to be orchestrated by endogenous collagenases such as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). This paper aims to estimate the salivary levels of MMP-8 in dental caries and also to asses the various risk factors that contribute to the formation of dental caries. Material and Methods: A random sample of 75 adults aged 18-35 were included and categorized based on the number of caries lesions (MCL). Standard clinical examinations were performed, and stimulated saliva was collected and analyzed for concentrations of MMP-8 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Caries risk factors were assessed using a chair-side kit. Correlation of MMP-8 in varying MCL using Spearman's correlation was done. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to asses the relationship between various caries risk factors with MMP-8 and MCL as dependent variable. Results: The study results showed a statistically significant higher concentration of MMP-8 in carious group (MCL 1-2) and MCL ≥3 compared to non-carious group. On correlating, the levels of MMP-8 were seen to be higher in MCL ≥3 than in MCL = 0 and MCL 1-2. The mean MMP-8 of controls, MCL 1-2, and MCL ≥3 were 131.34ng/ ml, 230.14ng/ml, and 391.91ng/ml respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis with MMP-8 as the dependent variable revealed caries, buffer capacity and S. mutans count as significant variables. Using MCL as the dependent variable the only significant variable was MMP-8 levels.

The Synergetic Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride with Potassium Iodide and Grape Seed Extract on Dentin Remineralization

“…Table (2) and figure (3) show the mean percent changes, standard deviation (SD) values and results of One Way ANOVA test for comparing mean values of dentin microhardness between different groups. Results showed, a statistical significant difference in the mean percent changes of mean dentin microhardness between the four groups, P value=0.000.…”

“…Caries of dentin begins with dissolution of the inorganic substances, hydroxyapatite crystals Ca5 (PO 4 ) 3 , by organic acids, mainly lactic acid (1) . By progression of caries, the organic component of dentin is degraded by some bacterial toxins and intrinsic protease system (2,3) . All these alterations lead to a decrease in the microhardness value of dentin (4) .…”

“…) and figure(2) compare the absolute mean values of dentin microhardness at baseline, demineralization, and remineralization within each The Synergetic Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride with Potassium Iodide and Grape Seed Extract…”

Research Progress of Polydopamine Hydrogel in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

“…After the dentin is exposed, its internal collagen fibers are easily degraded by matrix metalloproteinase, further leading to restoration failure. 85,86 Before remineralization, the PDA-modified repaired dentin attained mechanical properties that simulated those of natural dentin. By establishing a model of the intrafibrillar mineralization of PDA- 2632 modified type I collagen, it was found that PDA can enhance collagen mineralization by modifying collagen as well as the solid-liquid interface to reduce the heterogeneous nucleation barrier of hydroxyapatite, which further solves the challenge of fibrous degradation in the clinical treatment of dentin caries (Figure 7).…”

The Role of Bacterial, Dentinal, Salivary, and Neutrophil Degradative Activity in Caries Pathogenesis

“…As stated above, this low pH also activates previously latent dentinal and salivary proteases, suggesting that bacterial biofilm is responsible for initiating dentinal destruction in the earlier stages of the root carious lesion, both by acid production that demineralizes dentin [ 10 , 21 , 30 ], and by direct dentin degradation [ 29 , 30 ]. Once dentin demineralization begins, and pH values are low enough to activate the zymogens, collagen breakdown is attributed to dentinal, salivary, bacterial, and neutrophil degradative activity [ 13 , 18 , 19 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Nevertheless, it has been reported that the bacterial contribution to dentinal degradation is much higher than that of dentinal and salivary degradative activity [ 13 , 21 , 29 , 30 ].…”