Dental pulp stem cells and Bonelike® for bone regeneration in ovine model

Abstract

Development of synthetic bone substitutes has arisen as a major research interest in the need to find an alternative to autologous bone grafts. Using an ovine model, the present pre-clinical study presents a synthetic bone graft (Bonelike®) in combination with a cellular system as an alternative for the regeneration of non-critical defects. The association of biomaterials and cell-based therapies is a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human dental pulp have demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo to interact with diverse biomaterial systems and promote mineral deposition, aiming at the reconstruction of osseous defects. Moreover, these cells can be found and isolated from many species. Non-critical bone defects were treated with Bonelike® with or without MSCs obtained from the human dental pulp. Results showed that Bonelike® and MSCs treated defects showed improved bone regeneration compared with the defects treated with Bonelike® alone. Also, it was observed that the biomaterial matrix was reabsorbed and gradually replaced by new bone during the healing process. We therefore propose this combination as an efficient binomial strategy that promotes bone growth and vascularization in non-critical bone defects.

The Bone Extracellular Matrix in Bone Formation and Regeneration

“…Bonelike ® has a similar chemical and structural composition of human bone. Bonelike ® itself or combined with MSCs improved bone regeneration by promoting bone growth and vascularization in bone defect patients (Campos et al, 2019). Moreover, eggshell-derived nano-hydroxyapatite for bone transplantation has strong safety and can obtain good bone regeneration performance.…”

Synthetic Scaffold/Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) Tissue Engineering Constructs for Bone Defect Treatment: An Animal Studies Literature Review

“…The histological evaluation was performed for a total of 28 of the selected papers (93.3%) [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ] and histomorphometry was conducted in 25 of the studies’ experiments [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ] (83.3%). For a total of 18 studies (60%) micro-CT evaluation was performed [ 44 , 45 , ...…”

“…For a total of 18 studies (60%) micro-CT evaluation was performed [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 63 , 65 , 68 , 70 , 71 ] and immunohistochemistry was performed for 26 articles (86.7%) [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Scanning electron microscopy was performed for 11 studies (36.7%) [ 47 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 ], and one paper (3.3%) described transmis...…”

“…A total of three studies were performed on rabbit models and the DPSC culture passage ranged from three to seven [ 65 , 66 , 67 ]. One article was conducted on femur diaphysis [ 66 ], one article on [ 67 ], and one study on calvaria/critical size defect [ 65 ].…”

Dental Tissue-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential in Therapeutic Application

“…Also, dental MSCs play an important role in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Campos et al treated noncritical defects in an ovine model with the biomaterial Bonelike and hDPSCs, and obtained significant radiographic and microscopical evidence of improved bone regeneration [ 117 ]. hDPSCs also have been used to treat full-thickness articular cartilage defects.…”