Dental pulp stem cells and the management of neurological diseases: An update

Abstract

Medical research in regenerative medicine has brought promising perspectives for the use of stem cells in clinical trials. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of multilineage differentiation and available in numerous sources in the human body. Dental pulp constitutes an attractive source of these cells since collecting mesenchymal stem cells from this site is a noninvasive practice that can be performed after a common surgical extraction of supernumerary or wisdom teeth. Thus, tissue sacrifice is very low and several cytotypes can be obtained owing to these cells' multipotency, in addition to the fact that they can be cryopreserved and stored for long periods. Mesenchymal stem cells have high proliferation rates, making them favorable for clinical application. These multipotent cells, present in biological waste, constitute an appropriate resource in the treatment of many neurological diseases. K E Y W O R D S dentistry, DPSCs, neurological diseases, neurons, regenerative medicine 2 | D P SCs Teeth are divided into two distinct anatomical parts, the crown and the root. They are connected to the supporting bone by the periodontal ligament. The crown comprises enamel, dentin, and pulp. During tooth development, ameloblasts generate enamel, and odontoblasts generate dentin. Once the tooth has erupted, enamel formation stops occurring naturally because of the disappearance of ameloblasts from the surface (Mortada et al., 2017). On the other hand, odontoblasts are present inside the pulp facing the dentin's inner surface throughout life. SignificanceThis article reviews basic characteristics of dental pulp stem cells and highlights recent evidence on their potential role in the management of several neurological diseases. J Neuro Res. 2018;96:265-272. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jnr V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | 265

The Conditioned Medium of Calcined Tooth Powder Promotes the Osteogenic and Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells via MAPK Signaling Pathways

“…HDPSCs, which are successfully isolated from human third molars in 2000 for the first time, are increasingly being recognized as a viable cell source for dental regenerative medicine [11, 12]. Research on hDPSCs has become one of the fastest-growing areas in regenerative medicine, mainly because hDPSCs have the following characteristics: they are easy accessible, they share the same origin, the efficiency and success rate of isolating are high, the lifespan of these stem cells is long, and these cells can be safely cryopreserved [13–16]. HDPSCs share similar features with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells, which own remarkable self-renewal potential and multilineage differentiation capability [17, 18].…”

Alginate/Hydroxyapatite-Based Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Improve Dental Pulp Biomineralization and Differentiation

“…Other eminent sources of adult MSCs include placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, adipose tissue, dental pulp, breast milk, and synovium [ 10 ]. The oral cavity as well as the extracted teeth constitute a remarkable source since they produce a variety of somatic stem cells [ 11 ]. The major differences in the stem cells arising from different sources are exhibited in their immunophenotypes.…”

“…Moreover, dental pulp can be easily isolated from the surgical waste derived from deciduous tooth or wisdom tooth extraction [ 15 ]. The very low morbidity of the anatomical site after the collection of the pulp, the high efficiency of the extraction procedure of stem cells from the pulp tissue, the differentiation ability, and the demonstrated interactivity of stem cells derived from dental pulp with biomaterials for tissue engineering applications hold to DPSCs a great potential for clinical purposes [ 11 , 16 ]. Although it has been well demonstrated that MSCs from various sources are able to sustain bone regeneration [ 17 ], only recent tissue engineering approaches have shown that DPSCs constitute a valuable cell source for the healing of bone tissue when supported by a suitable scaffold [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Considerations and beliefs in tooth donation to research in Jordan

“…The science of stem cells and their clinical use in regenerative medicine and dentistry have developed significantly over the past decade. 1 , 2 Stem cells have the potential to repair damaged teeth, tissue regeneration of dentin, and periodontal ligament, inducing bone regeneration and treating neural injury. 3 Teeth can provide a good source of stem cells that can grow rapidly.…”