Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived, Scaffold-Free Constructs for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

In the present study, a scaffold-free tissue construct was developed as an approach for the regeneration of tissue defects, which produced good outcomes. We fabricated a scaffold-free tissue construct from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs construct), and examined the characteristics of the construct. For its fabrication, basal sheets prepared by 4-week hDPSCs culturing were subjected to 1-week three-dimensional culture, with or without osteogenic induction, whereas hDPSC sheets (control) were fabricated by 1-week culturing of basal sheets on monolayer culture. The hDPSC constructs formed a spherical structure and calcified matrix that are absent in the control. The expression levels for bone-related genes in the hDPSC constructs were significantly upregulated compared with those in the control. Moreover, the hDPSC constructs with osteogenic induction had a higher degree of calcified matrix formation, and higher expression levels for bone-related genes, than those for the hDPSC constructs without osteogenic induction. These results suggest that the hDPSC constructs with osteogenic induction are composed of cells and extracellular and calcified matrices, and that they can be a possible scaffold-free material for bone regeneration.

In vitro response of dental pulp stem cells in 3D scaffolds: A regenerative bone material

“…At 21 days of culture, they observed structures of the extracellular matrix consistent with collagen fibers. Spherical structures were associated with vesicles of the matrix because they had a diameter of 40 to 200 nm and because these have been considered to play a fundamental role in the process of bone calcification ( Arahira and Todo, 2014 ; Tatsuhiro et al., 2018 ). Besides, the presence of HA crystals in the scaffold offers suitable mechanical proprieties, and roughness which can increase cell adhesion ( Geckil et al., 2010 ; Lou et al., 2012 ).…”

Engineering Cell‐Derived Matrices: From 3D Models to Advanced Personalized Therapies

“…[37] Further decellularization allows either the reseeding of the CDMs in patients or with other cell types, or to use them acellularly for applications in regenerative medicine. [38,39] The previously described decellularization approaches can be used to produce several micrometer thick sheets of ECM mimicking native tissue properties based on the cell source. [40] Prewitz et al demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)derived ECM coatings can act as an ex vivo niche for human hematopoietic stem cell (hHSC) expansion, generating up to a threefold increase in the number of cells compared to conventional plasma-treated tissue culture plates.…”

The Potential of Different Origin Stem Cells in Modulating Oral Bone Regeneration Processes

“…A study compared the osteogenic potential of the cell sheet and the bone construct from DPSCs and showed that the cell construct was more effective in inducing oral bone formation. In vitro, the differentiated construct showed the highest expression of bone biomarkers at the mRNA and protein level—osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN) and type I collagen (Col 1)—when compared to the sheet or to the undifferentiated cells [89].…”