Dental caries experience in schoolchildren in fluoridated and non‐fluoridated communities in Western Australia

Stockwell, A. J.; Medcalf, G. W.; Rutledge, G. J.; Holman, Cheryl; Roberts, Megan E.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00053.x

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…There were comments on this in some questionnaires, particularly in relation to the use of toothpaste; however, the age at which use of toothpaste was reported to have commenced was very close to that reported by Brown et al (1990) for eastern Australia. It has been shown that recall concerning place of residence is reliable (Grembowski, 1988), and many respondents gave detailed information about the use of supplements, suggesting that this information was reliable; it is consistent with other recent data from Perth and Bunbury (Stockwell et al, 1990). Because the majority of participants who had been exposed to fluoride were from Perth and had always lived there, or had come from other Australian cities that also have fluoridated water, assessing exposure to fluoride from this source was not a problem.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In the region around the city of Bunbury, 200 km south of Perth, drinking water has never been fluoridated, and natural fluoride levels are low (<0.2 mg/L) (Medcalf and O'Grady, 1983;Stockwell et al, 1990). Here, five DTCs (three in Bunbury, two in outlying smaller towns) were selected, and two classes of children from the nearest school, occasionally supplemented by small numbers of children from other nearby schools, formed the local sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fluoridation status of the former areas of residence of persons who had lived in other parts of Australia or other countries was ascertained from various published sources (scientific literature or governmental publications) or by writing to authorities, so that few persons were excluded from the analyses due to lack of information. Fluoride-containing toothpastes (0.1 g F-per 100 g) have accounted for at least 95% of toothpaste sales in WA for more than ten years (Stockwell et al, 1990). Residence from birth to four years of age in fluoridated areas was categorized as: short, < 1 year; medium, one to 2.4 years; and long, 2.5 to four years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1977, ten-year-olds in metropolitan Perth had 1.9 DMFT, and in the Bunbury region, 3.9 DMFT; 10.0% of Perth but no Bunbury ten-year-olds were free of caries (Medcalf, 1978). In 1987, 15-year-olds in Perth had 4.0 DFS, and in Bunbury, 4.4 DFS; caries prevalences were 0.80 and 0.82, respectively (Stockwell et al, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Dental Caries and Fluoride Exposure in Western Australia

Riordan

1991

J Dent Res

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Most water supplies in Western Australia (WA) have been fluoridated since about 1968, but one region has persistently resisted. Supplement use has been encouraged there, and fluoride toothpaste is widely used. Caries prevalence and caries experience in children in Perth (F- 0.8 mg/L) have declined steadily since fluoridation, but in the Bunbury region (F- less than 0.2 mg/L), caries measures remain higher than in Perth. The purpose of this study was to correlate the magnitude and timing of fluoride exposure with caries experience. Altogether, 592 randomly selected children born in 1978 (mean age, 11.8 years) in Perth and the Bunbury region provided residence and fluoride exposure information for the periods from birth to four and from four to 12 years of age. Caries experience was recorded clinically in accordance with DMFT and WHO criteria. Sixty-one percent had been continuous residents of fluoridated areas from birth to four years, and 51% between the ages of four and 12 years. Fluoride supplement use was low. By the age of 1.5 years, 42% had used toothpaste. The prevalence of caries was 0.38 in Perth and 0.61 in the Bunbury region, and mean DMFT scores were 0.89 (SD, 1.39) and 1.57 (SD, 1.60), respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed all fluoride exposure to be associated with reduced caries experience, but there were large correlations between some variables. When unconditional logistic regression analysis was used, the most important (p less than 0.05) odds ratios associated with no caries experience were for residence in a fluoridated area from four to 12 years of age and early use of toothpaste.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Dental Caries and Fluoride Exposure in Western Australia

Riordan

1991

J Dent Res

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“…Studies in Ireland and in Western Australia have revealed that such an effect does exist, since the caries experience there was lower in communities with water fluoridation [O'Mullane et al, 1988;Stockwell et al. 1990].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries Experience of 15-Year-Old Children in The Netherlands after Discontinuation of Water Fluoridation

Kalsbeek¹,

Kwant²,

Groeneveld³

et al. 1993

Caries Res

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In 1973 the fluoridation of drinking water in the Dutch town of Tiel was discontinued. In order to monitor the effect of this measure, the caries experience in 15-year-old children was investigated annually from 1979 to 1988, both in Tiel and in Culemborg. In the latter town the drinking water had never been fluoridated. The caries data of 15-year-old children examined between 1968 and 1969 in Tiel (children having used fluoridated water from birth) and Culemborg were used as historical controls. In Tiel the mean number of DMFS increased between 1968/69 and 1979/80 from 10.8 to 12.7 (+18%) and decreased to 9.6 (––26%) in the following years; in 1987/88 the mean DMFS was 11% lower than in 1968/69. In Culemborg the mean DMFS score decreased between 1968/69 and 1987/88 from 27.7 to 7.7 (––72%). In 1968/69 the mean DMFS score in Tiel was 61% lower and in 1987/88 17% higher than in Culemborg. The question as to whether water fluoridation would have had an additional effect if it had been continued (presuming the application of existing preventive measures) cannot be answered, as there are no remaining communities with fluoridated water in The Netherlands.

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