Dental caries and vitamin D status in children in Asia

Almoudi, Manal Mohamed; Hussein, Alaa Sabah; Hassan, Mohamed Ibrahim Abu; Schroth, Robert J

doi:10.1111/ped.13801

Cited by 41 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The difference might be due to different cultural factors and religious behaviors. Girls in Muslim countries with traditional dress have less sun exposure than boys, and boys tend to play outside and produce more vitamin D (14,16). Young age of children has often been found to be a potential risk factor for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chhonkar et al also showed that vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor both for the incidence and severity of ECC in children aged 3-6 years (24). This relationship between vitamin D and ECC may be explained by the mineralization and antibacterial function of vitamin D. On the one hand, vitamin D deficiency can induce defective tooth mineralization, resulting in dentin and enamel defects, which can increase the risk of dental caries (16). On the other hand, vitamin D can induce certain antimicrobial peptides that protect against oral pathogens, such as defensins and cathelicidins (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou

Chen

Xi²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Objective: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children are global public health problems. However, few studies have focused on vitamin D status in healthy preschool children, especially in Asia. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status and host-related factors in healthy preschool children in Hangzhou to analyze the impact of low vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL) on health outcomes (obesity, early childhood caries, and respiratory tract infections).Methods: A total of 1,510 healthy children aged 24–72 months from 15 kindergartens in Hangzhou were included. Data on the children's gender, age, body mass index (BMI), caries, and blood samples available for vitamin D analysis were collected from June to August 2018. A total of 325 children aged 36–48 months took part in a survey on the frequency of respiratory tract infections in the last year.Results: The children's mean 25(OH)D level was 28.01 ± 7.29 ng/mL. A total of 11.4% of the children had vitamin D deficiency, and 52.6% had vitamin D insufficiency. Only 36.0% had vitamin D sufficiency. No significant difference was found by gender or BMI group. However, children in the obesity group had the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the lowest 25(OH)D levels. A significant negative correlation was found between the 25(OH)D level and child age (r = −0.144, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the children’s 25(OH)D levels decreased by 0.17 ng/mL per month with age. In addition, children with low vitamin D levels might increase the risk of obesity and early childhood caries. Multiple linear regression indicated that the number of caries in children increased by 0.08 per 1-ng/mL decrease in the 25(OH)D level (β = −0.08, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is a serious problem among healthy preschool children in Hangzhou. Public health policies or interventions should be implemented to ensure that preschool children have adequate vitamin D to reduce the risk of related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou

Chen

Xi²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Low maternal prenatal vitamin D concentrations was identified as a risk factor in one Canadian study (50). Since then, other investigators have also identified that vitamin D levels and prenatal vitamin D intake are associated with increased risk for ECC (70–72). In the few years it has been revealed that children with S-ECC are more likely to have lower serum levels of vitamin D, lower iron concentrations, and be both ID and have IDA than caries-free children (22, 23, 49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Burden of Early Childhood Caries in Canadian Children and Associated Risk Factors

Pierce

Singh

Lee

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

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Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) is any caries in the primary dentition occurring in children under the age of six. ECC is common in many population groups in Canada. Objective: The purpose of this review was to describe the burden of ECC in Canada, the prevalence and associated risk factors for ECC, and its impact on childhood health based on the existing published literature. Methods: A review was conducted to assess published Canadian studies on ECC identified through searches of electronic databases. Databased searched included PubMed, Medline, Cinahl, and the library catalog of the University of Manitoba. Known publications on ECC that were not identified by the electronic search were also considered. Only the studies that reported the prevalence of ECC or caries in preschool aged children were considered. In-depth assessments were restricted to those studies that employed logistic regression analysis to investigate relationship between ECC and risk factors or nutritional status and quality of life. Results: A total of 36 studies were identified that related to ECC in Canadian children. Overall, 27 related to prevalence and 12 reported on risk factors, four related to the association between severe ECC and nutritional health and well-being, while only one related to the oral microbiome composition. Published studies reveal that the prevalence of ECC can be as high as 98% in some parts of Canada. Commonly identified risk factors include age, sex, socioeconomic status, parental beliefs, family characteristics, debris/plaque, enamel hypoplasia, and behavioral (oral health or feeding behaviors) tendencies. Conclusions: Current literature reveals that many Canadian children are affected by ECC. The development of ECC appears to be strongly associated with social determinants of health including low household income and the level of parental education or employment status. Associations were also observed between ECC and the child's age at first dental visit and parental beliefs about child's oral health. Children with enamel hypoplasia are also at significantly greater odds for experiencing caries. Future research should include assessments of developmental defects of enamel to better understand the association between enamel hypoplasia and ECC.

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“…ECC has a number of causes and develops as a reaction to a combination of various socio-demographic and behavioural factors [8]. Some studies have shown an association of low vitamin D levels and dental caries in children, while others have not shown any correlation or the association [4,5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. There is clinical evidence of the association of vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in the primary dentition among Canadian populations; they are at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to high latitude geographical location [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various caries-protective factors, such as calcium, inorganic phosphate, pH-increasing substances and antimicrobial agents, are present in saliva. Hence, vitamin D deficiency is an important environmental factor in predisposition to dental caries [4,5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of parental-reported vitamin D supplementation with dental caries of 3-year-old children in Poland: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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Objective The study aimed to assess the association between parental-reported vitamin D supplementation and caries in a national sample of 3-year-olds in Poland. Materials and methods A total of 1900 children, representing all provinces of Poland, were invited. The questionnaires concerned vitamin D supplementation, socio-demographics, and oral health behaviours. Based on dental examination, caries scores (dmft/dmfs), prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and severe ECC (S-ECC) were calculated. The Spearman’s correlation, linear regression and logistic regression were used to assess the association between various factors and caries (p < 0.05). Results A total of 1638 children were tested. Of this number, 99.1% infants were supplemented with vitamin D. Supplementation had been continued seasonally in 55.2% children. ECC/S-ECC prevalence were significantly lower in children receiving vitamin D (ECC 38.3% vs. 44.7%, OR = 0.77; S-ECC 20.5% vs. 27.1%, OR = 0.69; p < 0.05). Mean dmft/dmfs were lower in those with supplementation (1.54 ± 2.72 vs. 2.24 ± 3.55; 2.40 ± 5.56 vs. 3.72 ± 7.56, respectively; p < 0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, supplementation was not significantly associated with caries; only dt/ds were still associated. Maternal education, sweetened beverages before bedtime, bottle use were significantly associated with S-ECC. Conclusions Lower caries prevalence was observed in those with vitamin D supplementation. The association between parental-reported vitamin D and ECC/S-ECC was not significant in Polish children. Decayed teeth and supplementation were still associated. Dietary habits can modify the association with caries. Clinical relevance There may be an association between vitamin D supplementation and lower caries in children. Parents should supplement their children during periods of significant growth and development.

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Dental caries and vitamin D status in children in Asia

Cited by 41 publications

References 75 publications

Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou

Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou

The Burden of Early Childhood Caries in Canadian Children and Associated Risk Factors

Association of parental-reported vitamin D supplementation with dental caries of 3-year-old children in Poland: a cross-sectional study

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