Dental Age Estimation in A Sample of Kurdish Subjects (Aged 9-15 Years Old) in Erbil City Adopting Demirjian Method A Radiographic Study

Abstract

Background and objectives:Dental maturation is widely used to assess maturity and to predict age. Age estimation plays a great role in clinical dentistry, especially in orthodontics, pedodontics and forensic dentistry and aid in diagnosis and treatment planning. Demirjian method is one of a commonly used methods. The aim of this study was to find out the applicability of Demirjian's method for dental age estimation for Kurdish subjects in Erbil City. Methods: The study was conducted on orthopantomograms of 125 Kurdish subjects (65 males, 60 females) in Erbil City, their ages ranged between 9 to 15 years old. Demirjian method was used to assess dental age based on the degree of mineralization of the seven left mandibular teeth, and t-tests were used to assess the difference between dental age and chronological age. Results: A strong linear correlation between dental and chronological ages for both males and females were observed (r = 0.845, 0.893). The mean difference between the chronological and dental ages showed an overestimation of 0.18 and 0.56 years for males and females respectively. Conclusion: Demirjian's method of dental age estimation showed accuracy in most age groups (except in 9 and 12 age groups in females) in Kurdish subjects in Erbil City.

Speech Acts and Language Function’s Representation in EFL High School English Textbooks Leading Towards Educational Sustainability of Northern Iraq

“…During the different activities inside the classroom, the teachers might confront some obstacles in applying the material from Sunrise considering the EFL learner's ability and competency in learning. Moreover, every textbook has its weak and strong points when it is compared with other textbooks in terms of materials, vocabulary, and activities [42]. Since it has weaknesses, they cannot always be the only source of learning and cannot meet all the student's needs.…”