Density of the Ionized Upper Atmosphere to 5500 Kilometers

Anderson, D.; Bennett, Willard H.; Hale, L. C.

doi:10.2172/4584552

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...

Vii) Collars Linked To Virtual Fencing and Containment Systems1

Citation Types

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Year Published

2022

Publication Types

Select...

Article1

Relationship

Self Cite0

Independent1

Authors

Journals

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When an animal approaches this boundary an audio cue is emitted to encourage it to move away. If an animal persists towards the boundary, or through it, this is followed by an electric shock delivered to the top of the neck (Anderson, Hale, Libeau and Nolen 2003). One provider specifies the audio cue as 82dB and the shock as 0.2J and 1s duration for cattle (NoFence Grazing Technology n.d.a) and 0.1J and 0.5s duration for sheep and goats (NoFence Grazing Technology n.d.b).…”

Section: Vii) Collars Linked To Virtual Fencing and Containment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric shock control of farmed animals: Welfare review and ethical critique

Grumett¹,

Butterworth²

2022

Anim. welf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The available methods of electric shock control or containment of farmed animals are increasing and potentially include: (i) fixed and movable electric fencing; (ii) cattle trainers; (iii) prods or goads; (iv) wires in poultry barns; (v) dairy collecting yard backing gates; (vi) automated milking systems (milking robots); and (vii) collars linked to virtual fencing and containment systems. Since any electric shock is likely to cause a farmed animal pain, any such control or containment must, to be ethically justifiable, bring clear welfare benefits that cannot be practicably delivered in other ways. Associated areas of welfare concern with ethical implications include the displacement of stockpersons by technology, poor facility design, stray voltage, coercive behavioural change and indirect impacts on human society and values.

show abstract

Section: Vii) Collars Linked To Virtual Fencing and Containment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%