Density of Low Temperature Ice

Seiber, B. A.; Wood, B. E.; Smith, A. M.; Müller, P.; Delsemme, A. H.; Wenger, A.

doi:10.1126/science.170.3958.652

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Past work has measured a refractive index of n=1.31 and density of p=0.93 g/cm 3 for vapor-deposited ice at 130 K (Betland et al, 1994) and 165 K (Middlebrook et al, 1994). Previous investigations at lower temperatures observed much lower values presumably due to the formation of microporous amorphous ice (Berland et al, 1994;Browell and Anderson, 1975;Seiber et al, 1970). In this study, we report the refractive index and density of vapor-deposited ice films as a function of substrate temperature and H20 flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Refractive index and density of vapor‐deposited ice

Berland

Brown

Tolbert

et al. 1995

Geophysical Research Letters

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The refractive indices of vapor‐deposited ice films were measured versus substrate temperature from 35–140 K and H2O pressure from 1.9 × 10−7–9.5 × 10−5 Torr using optical interference techniques. The refractive indices were measured for ice films deposited on a cooled, single‐crystal Al2O3 substrate in vacuum. Ice densities were calculated from these refractive indices using the Lorentz‐Lorenz relationship. Above 120 K, the ice films had a refractive index of n=1.31 and a density of ρ=0.93 g/cm³. Significantly lower refractive indices and densities were found at lower temperatures and higher H2O fluxes that were consistent with microporous ices. A refractive index of n=1.24 and density of ρ=0.68 g/cm³ were determined at 35 K and an H2O pressure of 4 × 10−6 Torr. Above 35 K, the refractive index and density progressively increased with increasing temperature and decreasing H2O flux. The ice densities observed can be explained qualitatively using a ballistic deposition model. Estimates are also obtained for the surface diffusion of H2O on vapor‐deposited ice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Refractive index and density of vapor‐deposited ice

Berland

Brown

Tolbert

et al. 1995

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…This agrees with results by Ghormley and Hochanadel 35 but, in other reports, the sharp increase of reflectance appears at different temperatures. Seiber et al 37,54 found an irreversible and abrupt increase of reflectance at 145-150 K which they correlated with crystallization of amorphous ice to the cubic phase. Drobishev 10,12 also reported a large and abrupt change in reflectance when warming the ice films but at a higher temperature, 160-162 K, which they correlated to the transformation to the hexagonal phase.…”

Section: Crackingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…36 A lower effective density results if the void pore space is included in the calculation. Seiber et al 37 measured a density of 0.81Ϯ0.01 g/cm 3 at 82 K using mass and optical interference measurements, such as the one described here, which average over the sample. This implies a porosity of 0.14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density and index of refraction of water ice films vapor deposited at low temperatures

Westley¹,

Baratta²,

Baragiola³

1998

The Journal of Chemical Physics

180

140

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The density of 0.5-3 m thick vapor-deposited films of water ice were measured by combined optical interferometry and microbalance techniques during deposition on an optically flat gold substrate from a capillary array gas source. The films were of high optical quality with an index of refraction of 1.29Ϯ0.01 at 435.8 nm, a density of 0.82Ϯ0.01 g/cm 3 , and a porosity of 0.13Ϯ0.01. In contrast to previous studies, none of the measured properties exhibited any significant variation with growth rate or temperature over the range studied ͑0.6-2 nm/min, 20-140 K͒.

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“…It is well known temperatures are well known to strongly influence the physical properties of ASW. Nevertheless, conflicting results, which have been reported for such fundamental properties as the surface area (6-ll), density (I, [12][13][14][15][16][17], and porosity (7,16,17) of ASW, remain unresolved. Here, we show that the angular distribution of the incident water molecules is as important as the temperature in determining the morphology of ASW.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Morphology of Amorphous Solid Water

Stevenson

Kimmel

Dohnálek

et al. 1999

Science

393

370

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adsorption by ASW films grown with 0 5 20' Bruce D. Kay? was similar to adsorption by a cwstalline ice film. However, for 0 > 30°, the amount of N,The morphology of amorphous solid water grown by vapor deposition was adsorbed by the ASW increased markedly, found t o depend strongly on the angular distribution of the water molecules reaching a maximum near 0 = 70'. At the incident from the gas phase. sternati tic variation of the incident angle during maximum, the ASW films adsorbed more than deposition using a collimated beam of water led to the growth of nonporous 20 times the amount of N, adsorbed by a t o highly porous amorphous solid water. The physical and chemical properties

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Density of Low Temperature Ice

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Refractive index and density of vapor‐deposited ice

Refractive index and density of vapor‐deposited ice

Density and index of refraction of water ice films vapor deposited at low temperatures

Controlling the Morphology of Amorphous Solid Water

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