Density, frequency and interspecific competition: Fertility ofDrosophila simulans andDrosophila melanogaster

Moth, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1007/bf01039795

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although his results were disputed by Putwain et al (1967), subsequent studies have clearly demonstrated a frequency dependence caused by asymmetric reproductive interference between the two species (e.g., Moth and Barker 1981). The fecundity and longevity of D. simulans females decreases as the relative frequency of D. melanogaster to D. simulans increases, but the fecundity of D. melanogaster does not change (Moth 1974;Moth and Barker 1977). It has been consistently observed that D. melanogaster strongly excludes D. simulans (Moore 1952;Barker 1963Barker , 1971Aiken and Gibo 1979;Hedrick 1972).…”

Section: Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several studies have reported that interspecific sexual interactions have frequency-dependent effects on the competition dynamics of Drosophila species (Narise 1965;Ayala 1971;Ayala et al 1973;Moth 1974;Wallace 1974;Moth andBarker 1977, 1981;Pascual et al 2000). Narise (1965) first reported a frequency dependence in the competition dynamics between D. melanogaster and D. simulans.…”

Section: Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive interference in laboratory experiments of interspecific competition

Kishi

2014

Population Ecology

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Many studies that have researched interspecific competition in Callosobruchus (bean beetles), Drosophila (fruit flies), and Tribolium (flour beetles) have considered the major drivers of interspecific competition to be interspecific resource competition and intraguild cannibalism. These competition drivers have a density‐dependent effect on the population dynamics. However, some studies have also detected a relative‐frequency‐dependent effect in the observed population dynamics. The most likely causal mechanism of this relative frequency dependence is reproductive interference, defined as any interspecific sexual interaction that damages female reproductive success. Reproductive interference has been overlooked by most laboratory studies in spite of the critical effect on the competition outcome. In this paper, I review laboratory studies of these insect genera from the perspective of reproductive interference and show that the reported results can be more reasonably interpreted by the joint action of reproductive interference and resource competition, including intraguild cannibalism. In addition, on the basis of results reported by a small number of related studies, I discuss the behavioral and evolutionary changes induced in those genera by reproductive interference.

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Section: Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive interference in laboratory experiments of interspecific competition

Kishi

2014

Population Ecology

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“…Most of these studies pointed towards larval crowding, but Spiess and Spiess (1969), Moth (1974), and Eckstrand and Seiger (1975) showed also that adult crowding may affect the mating rate of different Drosophila species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of larval crowding on adult mating behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster

1989

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The effect of larval density on male mating success has been investigated with two strains of Drosophila melanogaster, a wild strain and a mutant strain, under low and high larval competition, and four different genotypic frequencies. The results show a strong sexual selection against mutant males when flies have been raised under low larval competition. Under high larval competition, there is a reduction in mating disadvantage of mutant males. In both instances, a frequency-dependent sexual selection exists. These results explain adequately the evolution of experimental populations where egg to adult viability and male mating success are the most important components of fitness.

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“…Malick & Kidwell (1966) found that D. melanogaster females lived 6 days longer when unmated, but Lints & Lints (1971) are emphatic that lifespan, at least in their strains of D. melanogaster, does not depend on fecundity. Moth (1974) found in experi. ments similar to those here that the percentage of fertilised D. simulansst females decreased to 53 per cent at the highest density tested (viz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The cardboard unit has been fully described and figured by Moth (1974). The glass unit is as described by Barker (1960), except that the second glass medium bottle is replaced by an estafoam stopper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific competition between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans: Effects of adult density on adult viability

Moth

Barker

1977

Genetica

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Survival (viability) of newly eclosed adults ofD. simulans st and D. melanogaster Or R-C, which had excess quantities of dead yeast available throughout life, was measured daily for 7 days in an experiment where adult density (6 levels), species frequency (6 levels) and a2p tissue content (2 levels) were varied factorially. A separate experiment comparing viability in different types of experimental unit also was done. Similar experiments were done for D. simulansst competing against D. melanogastery w. The entire data were subjected to a least-squares (unbalanced, missing-plot) analysis of variance.D. melanogaster Or R-C had a higher average viability than D. melanogastery w or D. simulans st, which were equal. The competing strain of D. melanogaster influenced D. simulans st viability -viability being higher when y w was the competitor. Viability decreased over the seven day period but at different rates for the three strains. Increasing density reduced viability for all three strains, but species frequency effects, although significant, were generally not consistent. Females had higher viability than males in both D. mdanogaster strains, but the reverse was true in D. simulans st. 32p .lowered viability and experimental unit type altered viability. Numerous inter. actions were significant.Adult density was shown to have a delayed effect on viability -the delay before the appearance of the effect (an increase in death rate) being decreased as density rose. The term 'variably delayed density dependent' has been adopted to describe the fitness component, adult viability. Some high density populations showed a readjustment (a decrease) in their death rate as a reaction to the effect of reduced density caused by high early mortality.

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Density, frequency and interspecific competition: Fertility ofDrosophila simulans andDrosophila melanogaster

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Reproductive interference in laboratory experiments of interspecific competition

Reproductive interference in laboratory experiments of interspecific competition

Effect of larval crowding on adult mating behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster

Interspecific competition between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans: Effects of adult density on adult viability

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