Density-dependent effects of Caligus rogercresseyi infestation on the immune responses of Salmo salar

Boltaña, Sebastián; Sánchez, Marcos Ruiz; Valenzuela, Valentina; Gallardo‐Escárate, Cristian

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.002

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Moreover, in Atlantic salmon infected with C. rogercresseyi, a direct correlation between density and immune system activation has been reported, with high expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress response genes in salmon with high abundance after 14 days of C. rogercresseyi infestation (Boltaña et al . ). Another mechanism of salmon response to sea lice infestation is the nutritional immune response.…”

Section: Catching the Complexity Of Salmon Louse Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach

Gallardo‐Escárate

Arriagada

Carrera

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Sea lice are a group of ectoparasite copepods negatively affecting fish health in the salmon farming industry worldwide. Due to their biology, including several stages of development with different sensitivities to chemotherapeutants and their complex host–parasite interactions, the control of sea lice represents one of the major obstacles for sustainable aquaculture. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to avoid the environmental impacts of antiparasites commercially used during the fish production cycle and the increasing emergence of drug resistance in lice populations. Herein, control methods based on genomic analyses will allow for the development of novel tools such as vaccines, immune‐modulators, in‐feed masking compounds and non‐pharmacological therapies. This review highlights the genomic knowledge on the race between hosts and sea lice, with emphasis on Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch as host fish species and Caligus rogercresseyi as the main threat affecting the Chilean salmon industry.

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Section: Catching the Complexity Of Salmon Louse Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…), the NOTCH signalling pathway (Boltaña et al . ,), the antioxidant system (Chávez‐Mardones & Gallardo‐Escárate ; Chavez‐Mardones et al . ) and for several processes of reproduction and development of the parasite, such as vitellogenin 1 and 2 and vasa (Farlora et al .…”

Section: Sea Louse: a “Hard To Kill” Parasitementioning

confidence: 99%

The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach

Gallardo‐Escárate

Arriagada

Carrera

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…Remarkably, the sea lice infestation in Atlantic salmon has been described close to the location among lncRNAs and coding genes related to cell migration and transcriptional regulation [ 72 ]. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated the modulation of innate and adaptive response pathways by lncRNA [ 73 ], and during the bacterial and viral infection in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon [ 74 , 75 ]. Furthermore, during the C. rogercresseyi infestation of the same species, lncRNA enhanced the modulation of genes associated with the regulation of the immune response, development, cell proliferation, and stress response [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomics in Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney and SHK-1 Cell Line Exposed to the Sea Louse Cr-Cathepsin

Leal

Valenzuela-Muñoz

Casuso

et al. 2023

Genes

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The development of vaccines against sea lice in salmon farming is complex, expensive, and takes several years for commercial availability. Recently, transcriptome studies in sea louse have provided valuable information for identifying relevant molecules with potential use for fish vaccines. However, the bottleneck is the in vivo testing of recombinant protein candidates, the dosage, and the polyvalent formulation strategies. This study explored a cell-based approach to prospect antigens as candidate vaccines against sea lice by comparison with immunized fish. Herein, SHK-1 cells and Atlantic salmon head kidney tissue were exposed to the antigen cathepsin identified from the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. The cathepsin protein was cloned and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and then SHK-1 cell lines were stimulated with 100 ng/mL cathepsin recombinant for 24 h. In addition, Atlantic salmons were vaccinated with 30 ug/mL recombinant protein, and head kidney samples were then collected 30 days post-immunization. SHK-1 cells and salmon head kidney exposed to cathepsin were analyzed by Illumina RNA sequencing. The statistical comparisons showed differences in the transcriptomic profiles between SHK-1 cells and the salmon head kidney. However, 24.15% of the differentially expressed genes were shared. Moreover, putative gene regulation through lncRNAs revealed tissue-specific transcription patterns. The top 50 up and downregulated lncRNAs were highly correlated with genes involved in immune response, iron homeostasis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. Also, highly enriched pathways related to the immune system and signal transduction were shared between both tissues. These findings highlight a novel approach to evaluating candidate antigens for sea lice vaccine development, improving the antigens screening in the SHK-1 cell line model.

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“…Moreover, our research group has observed S. salar infested with C. rogercresseyi modulation changes of immunoglobulins, MHCII, TLR22, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) [ 52 , 61 , 89 ]. Here, the vaccinated fish groups exhibited immune response activation compared with the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2022

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The sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi genome has opened the opportunity to apply the reverse vaccinology strategy for identifying antigens with potential effects on lice development and its application in sea lice control. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of three sea lice vaccines against the early stage of infestation, assessing the transcriptome modulation of immunized Atlantic salmon. Therein, three experimental groups of Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) were vaccinated with the recombinant proteins: Peritrophin (prototype A), Cathepsin (prototype B), and the mix of them (prototype C), respectively. Sea lice infestation was evaluated during chalimus I-II, the early-infective stages attached at 7-days post infestation. In parallel, head kidney and skin tissue samples were taken for mRNA Illumina sequencing. Relative expression analyses of genes were conducted to identify immune responses, iron transport, and stress responses associated with the tested vaccines during the early stages of sea lice infection. The vaccine prototypes A, B, and C reduced the parasite burden by 24, 44, and 52% compared with the control group. In addition, the RNA-Seq analysis exhibited a prototype-dependent transcriptome modulation. The high expression differences were observed in genes associated with metal ion binding, molecular processes, and energy production. The findings suggest a balance between the host’s inflammatory response and metabolic process in vaccinated fish, increasing their transcriptional activity, which can alter the early host–parasite interactions. This study uncovers molecular responses produced by three vaccine prototypes at the early stages of infestation, providing new knowledge for sea lice control in the salmon aquaculture.

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Density-dependent effects of Caligus rogercresseyi infestation on the immune responses of Salmo salar

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach

The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach

Comparative Transcriptomics in Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney and SHK-1 Cell Line Exposed to the Sea Louse Cr-Cathepsin

Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

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