Densities of the Ternary Systems Y(NO₃)₃ + Ce(NO₃)₃ + H₂O, Y(NO₃)₃ + Nd(NO₃)₃ + H₂O, and Ce(NO₃)₃ + Nd(NO₃)₃ + H₂O and Their Binary Subsystems at Different Temperatures

Abstract

Densities were measured for the ternary systems Y(NO 3 ) 3 + Ce(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O, Y(NO 3 ) 3 + Nd(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O, and Ce(NO 3 ) 3 + Nd(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O and their binary subsystems at (293.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K. The results were used to test the applicability of simple equations for the density of the mixed solutions. The predictions are in good agreement with measured values, implying that the densities of the examined electrolyte solutions can be well predicted from those of their constituent binary solutions by the simple equations.

Viscosities of the Ternary Systems Y(NO3)3 + Ce(NO3)3 + H2O, Y(NO3)3 + Nd(NO3)3 + H2O, and Ce(NO3)3 + Nd(NO3)3 + H2O and Their Binary Subsystems at Different Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure

“…The uncertainty in the calibration constant for the viscometer leads to a relative standard uncertainty of less than 0.5 % in the viscosity measurement. The accuracy of the density measurements was ± 5·10 –5 g·cm –3 , which leads to a relative standard uncertainty of less than 0.09 % in the viscosity measurement. After using standard techniques for the propagation of uncertainty, the estimated overall expanded uncertainty, including efflux time, temperature, the accuracy of the density measurement, and calibration uncertainties, is 1.0 % ( k = 2).…”

“…Y­(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O (with a mass fraction purity of 0.9999), Ce­(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O (with a mass fraction purity of 0.9999), and Nd­(NO 3 ) 3 · x H 2 O (with a mass fraction purity of >0.99) were supplied by Shanghai Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. The binary solutions were prepared by the method of Spedding et al Therefore, each rare earth nitrate was dissolved into double-distilled deionized water to prepare the stock solution. , The resulting solutions were adjusted to their equivalent concentrations with dilute HNO 3 solutions and then reheated and readjusted until stabilized. ,, The molalities of rare earth nitrate stock solutions were analyzed by both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ,, and sulfate methods. ,, The stock solution concentrations were determined with an accuracy of ≤0.10 %. ,, Secondary stock solutions of low and moderate concentrations were prepared from weighed quantities of a primary stock solution and double-distilled deionized water using a Sartorius CT225D balance with the precision of ± 5·10 –5 g. ,, The ternary solutions were prepared by mixing the binary solutions (the mass of each binary solution is more than 20 g) . The uncertainties in the compositions of the prepared solutions due to errors in the weights of binary solutions were estimated to be less than ± 5·10 –5 mol·kg –1 .…”

“…τ and τ o are the flow time of the solution and water, respectively. The densities of the solutions used in this research were taken from ref . Triplicate measurements were performed at each composition.…”

“…The simple predictive equations have been established for the thermodynamic and transport properties of multicomponent solutions and have been systematically checked by comparisons with the experimental results. − Recently, excellent reviews of existing viscosity mixing rules and models have been given by Laliberté and Yang et al In addition, Laliberté proposed a mixing rule and a viscosity model that are applicable to solutions of an arbitrary number of solutes in water, with no limits on solute concentration or solution temperature. The agreements between the predictions of Laliberté's model and the experimental viscosities are very impressive.…”

Densities of the Ternary Systems Y(NO3)3+ La(NO3)3+ H2O, La(NO3)3+ Ce(NO3)3+ H2O, and La(NO3)3+ Nd(NO3)3+ H2O and Their Binary Subsystems at Different Temperatures

“…The resulting rare earth nitrate solutions were adjusted to their equivalent concentrations with dilute HNO 3 solution and then reheated and readjusted until stabilized. 11,12 The molalities of the rare earth nitrate stock solutions were analyzed by both the EDTA 13 and sulfate methods. 12 The stock solution concentrations were determined with a precision of e 0.10 %.…”