Dense-core granules in neuroendocrine cells and neurons release their secretory constituents by piecemeal degranulation (Review)

Crivellato, Enrico; Nico, Beatrice; Bertelli, Eugenio; Nussdorfer, Gastone G.; Ribatti, Doménico

doi:10.3892/ijmm.18.6.1037

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Numerous vesicles in varicosities were deprived of electron-dense material after long-term treatment with high-K ϩ . The presence of translucent vesicles resembling in size and shape electron-dense vesicles is considered ultrastructural evidence for ongoing secretion (Patzak and Winkler, 1986;Crivellato et al, 2005Crivellato et al, , 2006. As has been shown in stimulated bovine chromaffin cells, these vesicular "ghosts" are indeed retrieved membranes of chromaffin granules after exocytosis.…”

Section: Nonsynaptic Paracrine Release Of Pdfmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Dense core vesicles release their contents by exocytosis at the membrane either in the form of complete degranulation ("full fusion" exocytosis) or in the so-called "kissand-run process" (Artalejo et al, 1998;Klychko and Jackson, 2002;Crivellato et al, 2006). In the first mode they fully fuse with the plasmalemma and are seen as omegashaped figures at the ultrastructural level (Al-Yousuf et al, 1992;Golding and Bayraktaroglu, 1983;Schü rmann et al, 1991, Thureson-Klein andKlein, 1990).…”

Section: Nonsynaptic Paracrine Release Of Pdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian release of pigment‐dispersing factor in the visual system of the housefly, Musca domestica

Miśkiewicz

Schürmann

Pyza

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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In the present study we examined profiles of nerve fiber varicosities containing dense core vesicles (DCVs) in the distal medulla of the housefly's optic lobe using electron microscopic methods. These profiles are infrequent among other neuronal profiles and do not contain presynaptic specializations for the release of DCVs. Presynaptic elements surrounded by electron-translucent vesicles were only occasionally detected, whereas synaptic input sites to the profiles containing DCVs were never observed. Among the varicosities in the distal medulla, those immunoreactive to pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) are most numerous. The DCVs of PDH-immunoreactive (PDH-ir) varicosities differ by size from DCVs of other profiles. Moreover, in the day/night cycle PDH-ir varicosities show differences in structure revealing the rhythmic accumulation and release of PDF. There were fewer PDH-ir DCV per varicosity profile in flies fixed 1 hour after lights-on than in flies fixed 1 hour after lights-off. Moreover, at the beginning of the day all DCVs harbored an electron-dense matrix, while at the beginning of the night numerous electron-lucent DCVs were observed. By applying a bath stimulation with a high potassium concentration we also showed that depolarizing events are involved in peptide release in the medulla. After potassium treatment immunolabeling with anti-PDH serum was weaker and PDH-ir varicosities were smaller and more distant from each other than in control animals.

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Section: Nonsynaptic Paracrine Release Of Pdfmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Nonsynaptic Paracrine Release Of Pdfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian release of pigment‐dispersing factor in the visual system of the housefly, Musca domestica

Miśkiewicz

Schürmann

Pyza

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Alternatively cells (2ϫ10 6 /sample) were left untreated or stimulated as described above in Cell activation, pelleted at 176 g for 5 min, and processed for TEM microscopy (see Supplemental material, Extended methods).…”

Section: Sem and Temmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, constitutive degranulation, also referred to as piecemeal degranulation, defines a peculiar release of granule materials in the absence of intergranule fusion or granule fusion with the plasma membrane. Cells undergoing piecemeal degranulation are identified by the presence of a mixture of granules with electron-dense content and empty granules and the so-called activated secretory granules further distinguished based on their content distribution, in haloed or semilunar-patterned granules [6]. In addition, mast cells release extracellular vesicles containing several mediators, which have emerged as key regulators of intercellular communication [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p66Shc regulates vesicle-mediated secretion in mast cells by affecting F-actin dynamics

Masi

Mercati

Vannuccini

et al. 2013

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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The extracellular vesicular compartment has emerged as a novel system of intercellular communication; however, the mechanisms involved in membrane vesicle biogenesis and secretion are as yet unclear. Among immune cells releasing membrane vesicles-mast cells that reside near tissues exposed to the environmentare master modulators of immune responses. Here, we have addressed the role of p66Shc, a novel regulator of mast cell activation and homeostasis, in the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton that is associated with morphological changes during secretion. We show that p66Shc is recruited as a complex with the lipid phosphatase SHIP1 to the F-actin skeleton and impairs antigen-dependent cortical F-actin disassembly and membrane ruffling through the inhibition of Vav and paxillin phosphorylation. We also show that in addition to acting as a negative regulator of antigen-dependent mast cell degranulation, p66Shc limits the basal release of granule contents by inhibiting microvesicle budding from the plasma membrane and piecemeal degranulation. These findings identify p66Shc as a critical regulator of actin dynamics in mast cells, providing a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in vesicle-mediated secretion in these cells.

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“…The progressive dispersion of proteins from the sperm AM during the AR has been proposed to be analogous to piecemeal degranulation in neuroendocrine cells, where the regulated secretory granules can modulate the release of their contents (65,69). How this occurs is not known, but it is intriguing that several peptide hormones are packaged as amyloids in regulated secretory granules in the pituitary gland (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Amyloids in the Mouse Sperm Acrosome

Guyonnet

Egge

Cornwall

2014

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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The acrosomal matrix (AM) is an insoluble structure within the sperm acrosome that serves as a scaffold controlling the release of AM-associated proteins during the sperm acrosome reaction. The AM also interacts with the zona pellucida (ZP) that surrounds the oocyte, suggesting a remarkable stability that allows its survival despite being surrounded by proteolytic and hydrolytic enzymes released during the acrosome reaction. To date, the mechanism responsible for the stability of the AM is not known. Our studies demonstrate that amyloids are present within the sperm AM and contribute to the formation of an SDS-and formic-acid-resistant core. The AM core contained several known amyloidogenic proteins, as well as many proteins predicted to form amyloid, including several ZP binding proteins, suggesting a functional role for the amyloid core in sperm-ZP interactions. While stable at pH 3, at pH 7, the sperm AM rapidly destabilized. The pH-dependent dispersion of the AM correlated with a change in amyloid structure leading to a loss of mature forms and a gain of immature forms, suggesting that the reversal of amyloid is integral to AM dispersion.A n essential step during fertilization is the sperm acrosome reaction (AR) in which the acrosome, an exocytotic vesicle overlying the sperm head, releases its contents, allowing the spermatozoon to penetrate the investments surrounding the oocyte. Point fusions between the outer acrosomal and plasma membranes result in membrane vesiculation, allowing the soluble contents to be released. The acrosome also includes an insoluble fraction called the acrosomal matrix (AM), which is defined as a membrane-free, electron-dense material that remains after spermatozoa are extracted with Triton X-100 (1). Functionally, the AM is thought to provide a stable scaffold that allows the controlled and sequential release of matrix-associated proteins during the AR, as well as to facilitate interactions between the sperm and oocyte (2, 3). While the mechanisms for the assembly and disassembly of the AM are not known, the self-assembly of proteins into a large complex has been proposed for its formation and disassembly is thought to be due to active proteases (1).The site of the AR has been controversial and was previously thought not to occur in the mouse until spermatozoa encounter the zona pellucida, the thick coat surrounding the oocyte (4, 5). However, recent studies with video imaging microscopy to follow individual mouse spermatozoa with enhanced green fluorescent protein expressed in their acrosomes showed that, in fact, the fertilizing spermatozoa underwent the AR much earlier during transit through the cumulus cells prior to encountering the zona pellucida (6). Further studies indicated that these acrosome-reacted spermatozoa remained capable of binding and penetrating the zona pellucida (7). Together, these studies suggest that the AM, instead of the soluble components of the acrosome, is required for binding and penetration of the zona pellucida. The presence of several zona pelluc...

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Dense-core granules in neuroendocrine cells and neurons release their secretory constituents by piecemeal degranulation (Review)

Cited by 9 publications

References 70 publications

Circadian release of pigment‐dispersing factor in the visual system of the housefly, Musca domestica

Circadian release of pigment‐dispersing factor in the visual system of the housefly, Musca domestica

p66Shc regulates vesicle-mediated secretion in mast cells by affecting F-actin dynamics

Functional Amyloids in the Mouse Sperm Acrosome

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