Dengue Fever: A Worldwide Threat An Overview of the Infection Process, Environmental Factors for a Global Outbreak, Diagnostic Platforms and Vaccine Developments

Abstract

Current review article focuses on dengue, which is one of the most fatal infectious illnesses and is considered to be a worldwide threat. The paper covers essential topics including an overview on neglected tropical diseases with specific emphasis on Dengue fever, mosquito's cycle of life and mechanism of infection, adaptive response, and different stages in dengue immunopathogenesis. The current work is also dedicated to the thorough study of dengue outbreak across the globe with a narrowed study to tropical and subtropical regions. Moreover, this review article demonstrates the correlation between climate factors and dengue incidence. Furthermore, we present an overview of the detection strategies of dengue including the latest developments in commercial and non-commercial platforms. Several attempts in developing an effective vaccine to protect individuals from dengue infection and the stage of clinical trials are gathered in the present work as well. Future directions including bio-control are also discussed in this review article. In an overall view, effective management of Dengue is a multidisciplinary task that requires international involvement from different backgrounds and expertise to address this global concern. This review article briefly portrays some of these connecting areas across the disciplines while many other perspectives remain uncovered.

Large-scale deployment of SIT-based technology in a Brazilian city prevented Dengue outbreak

“…In the current trajectory, this goal will probably not be realized. On the contrary, an increase in the incidence of dengue has been observed over the last few years (37), and human induced warming phenomena such as flooding and heatwaves will likely further exasperate arboviral disease transmission (38). Therefore, new safe and effective vector control tools, like NVC, a SIT-based method, are urgently needed to reduce the burden of vector-borne diseases and mitigate threats to existing methods, such as ineffectiveness of insecticides (1).…”

Dengue and Psychiatry: Manifestations, Mechanisms, and Management Options

“…Management options for the primary dengue infection are beyond the scope of the current review, and detailed reviews on the topic are available. [46][47][48] The supportive management for dengue fever primarily involves anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids. But, studies on psychiatric manifestations either completely neglected to report the management details of primary dengue infection [17][18][19][20]23,38 or did not clearly specify the agents and the doses used.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants against Dengue Infection: A Mechanistic Viewpoint

“…6 The most severe Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) stage occurs during or shortly after symptom onset and is accompanied by transient hypotension or a weak pulse (less than 20 mmHg) with cold, clammy skin (in the early stage of shock), later being fatal in a few cases. 7 The WHO guidelines for 2009 state that a rapid decline or platelet count below 150 000/mm 3 of blood is one of the indicators of clinical dengue worsening. 8 …”