Dendritic macromolecules: synthesis of starburst dendrimers

Tomalia, Donald A.; Baker, H.M.; Dewald, James; Hall, Michael E.; Kallos, George J.; Martin, Seán J.; Roeck, J.; Ryder, J. F.; Smith, Paul V.

doi:10.1021/ma00163a029

Cited by 848 publications

(518 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The excess MA and solvent were removed by vacuum distillation below 40 °C, leading to a half-generation dendrimer (multi-ester). 32 Then the multiester methanol solution was prepared and cooled down to -20 °C. The solution was slowly added to the pre-cooled EDA methanol solution, which was kept below -10 °C.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pamam Dendrimer G4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting solution was allowed to react at 25 °C for 2 days and at 40 °C for 4 days, followed by removal of the excess EDA and solvent. As a result, a pale amber-coloured syrup, a full-generation dendrimer, 32 was obtained. This whole process was further replicated four times to achieve the PAMAM dendrimer G4.0 for subsequent studies.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pamam Dendrimer G4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-Step Synthesis of Graphene Oxide–Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Nanocomposite Hydrogels by Self-Assembly

Piao

Chen

2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Graphene oxide (GO)-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared through one-step synthesis by mixing a GO suspension and a PAMAM solution at varying ratio of GO to PAMAM. The materials self-assembled into physically crosslinked networks, mainly driven by electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged GO nanosheets and PAMAM dendrimer. The chemical structure of PAMAM dendrimer was studied by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and potentiometric titration.The structure and properties of GO-PAMAM nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and rheometry. The nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited a relatively high mechanical performance with a storage modulus of up to 284 kPa, as well as self-healing property, owing to their reversible and multiple physical cross-links. These hydrogels may be further developed for biomedical applications.2

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Section: Preparation Of Pamam Dendrimer G4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Pamam Dendrimer G4mentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Synthesis of Graphene Oxide–Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Nanocomposite Hydrogels by Self-Assembly

Piao

Chen

2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…AB 2 -type monomers are often used as starting materials because of the easy preparation of monomers while the use of AB 3 , AB 4 and AB 6 monomers have also been reported for the synthesis of hyperbranched polyesters, 30 and polysiloxanes. 31 For example, 5-acetoxyisophthalic acid was used an AB 2 monomer in melt polymerization at 250 1C to prepare hyperbranched aromatic polyesters, which were insoluble in organic solvents because of the intermolecular dehydration between the carboxylic acid groups that occurred during melt polymerization.…”

Section: General Synthetic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dong and Hu 92 also reported that only a disubstituted product was formed by the Suzuki coupling of dibromobenzenes with one equivalent of arylboronic acid using Pd 2 (dba) 3 and P(t-Bu) 3 . Soon after, Scherf and colleagues 93 also found that the coupling of 2,7-dibromofluorene with one equivalent of arylboronic acid proceeded to selectively afford diaryl-substituted fluorenes.…”

Section: Catalyst Transfer Suzuki-miyaura Polycondensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1985, Tomalia et al 1 and Newkome et al 2 first reported the synthesis and characterization of dendrimers, having a well-controlled size, shape and monodisperse structure, after which a significant number of research studies, ranging from poly(amidoamine), 3,4 poly (propylene imine), 5,6 aromatic polyethers [7][8][9] and polyesters, 10,11 aliphatic polyethers, 12 polyesters, 13 polyalkane, 14,15 polyphenylene 16 and polysilane 17 dendrimers, has followed. The initial studies on dendritic polymers focused on the preparation of perfectly monodisperse dendrimers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of hyperbranched polymers with controlled degree of branching

Higashihara

Segawa

Sinananwanich

et al. 2011

Polym J

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Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have attracted considerable attention during the past decade because of their intrinsic globular structures and unique properties, such as low viscosity, high solubility and a high degree of functionality, compared with linear analogs. As HBPs are generally prepared by one-pot polycondensation of an AB x monomer, where A and B represent two different functional groups, they are regarded as less-expensive alternatives to dendrimers. However, HBPs have randomly branched structures and their degree of branching (DB) is determined by statistics and only reaches B50%. Recently, several research groups have successfully synthesized a 100% DB without any defect mainly by condensation or addition reactions. These methods are based on a new concept in which the ratio of the rate constants, the first reaction rate constant (k 1 )/the second reaction rate constant (k 2 ) of an AB 2 monomer, can be controlled. Recent development in the synthesis of a linear polymer, that is, a 0% DB HBP, from an AB 2 monomer could make it possible to further precisely control the DB from 0 to 100% by using the same AB 2 monomer. In this review article, the backgrounds and methodologies for controlling the DB are described, especially focusing on recent advances in the synthesis of HBPs with a DB of 100, 0% and any percentage between 0 and 100%.

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Preliminary biological evaluation of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) StarburstTM dendrimers

Roberts

Bhalgat

Zera

1996

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

556

375

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PAMAM Starburst dendrimers are spherical macromolecules composed of repeating polyamidoamino units. They can be produced in successive "generations," each with a defined size, molecular weight, and number of terminal amino groups. Because of these well-defined characteristics, PAMAMs are finding utility in a variety of applications, many of which are biological in nature. Little is known, however, about the biological behavior of the PAMAMs, which is critical to their use in vivo. Generation 3 (G3; MW = 5,147; 24 terminal amines), 5 (G5; MW = 21,563; 96 amines), and 7 (G7; MW = 87,227; 384 amines) PAMAMs were studied in V79 cells or in Swiss-Webster, mice for a number of biological properties, including (1) in vitro toxicity, (2) in vivo toxicity, (3) immunogenicity, and (4) biodistribution. Potential biological complications were observed only with G7 at the highest level tested. No evidence of immunogenicity was seen. The biodistribution properties of the Starburst dendrimers were rather unusual. G3 showed the highest accumulation in kidney tissue (approximately 15% ID/g over 48 h); G5 and G7 appeared to preferentially localize in the pancreas (peak levels approximately 32% ID/g at 24 h, and approximately 20% ID/g at 2 h, respectively). In addition, G7 showed extremely high urinary excretion, with values of 46 and 74% ID/g at 2 and 4 h, respectively. In general, the dendrimers did not exhibit properties that would preclude their use in biological applications. Depending on the situation (desired endpoint, dose, and generation used), however, the biodistribution of biological preparations should be carefully studied.

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Dendritic macromolecules: synthesis of starburst dendrimers

Cited by 848 publications

References 2 publications

One-Step Synthesis of Graphene Oxide–Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Nanocomposite Hydrogels by Self-Assembly

One-Step Synthesis of Graphene Oxide–Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Nanocomposite Hydrogels by Self-Assembly

Synthesis of hyperbranched polymers with controlled degree of branching

Preliminary biological evaluation of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) StarburstTM dendrimers

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