Dendritic gold-supported iridium/iridium oxide ultra-low loading electrodes for high-performance proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer

Kim, Hyunki; Kim, Junhyeong; Kim, Joo-Young; Han, Gyeong Ho; Guo, Wenwu; Hong, Soon-Dal; Park, Hyun S.; Jang, Ho Won; Kim, Soo Young; Ahn, Sang Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119596

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The ECSA and the TOF were so far obtained for few noble/ noble 27,28 or noble/non-noble 29−31 metal compounds, and usually the OER activity is solely discussed in terms of the loading of one of the two metals composing the nanoalloy as for Ir 27−30 or Ni. 32,33 Furthermore, this type of analysis is very limited for noble-metal-free electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECSA and the TOF were so far obtained for few noble/noble , or noble/non-noble − metal compounds, and usually the OER activity is solely discussed in terms of the loading of one of the two metals composing the nanoalloy as for Ir − or Ni. , Furthermore, this type of analysis is very limited for noble-metal-free electrodes. For MnO/Si and LaSrMnO films, a thickness analysis in the 1–27 nm range revealed the best OER efficiency for 4 nm thick films, while for NiFe hexacyanoferrate (0.5–10 mg/cm 2 range) a 5 mg/cm 2 has been identified as the ideal concentration .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Electrode Thickness in NiFe Nanogranular Films for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2022

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Nanostructured materials may provide a route to overcome the electrode-limiting performance in water splitting, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), within the framework of low-cost catalysts search. However, for alloyed NiFe nanostructures, the relationship among the OER efficiency and the electrode physical characteristics (morphology, porosity, size, thickness, or mass loading) is largely unknown. This work introduces a new type of alloyed NiFe (90/10% at) nanogranular electrodes obtained by supersonic cluster beam deposition and investigates the dependence of their catalytic activity toward the OER on the film morphological and stoichiometric properties. The synthesized alloyed NiFe nanoparticles with 0.3–3.8 nm size assemble from the gas phase to form ultrathin film electrodes with thickness in the 15–88 nm range, corresponding to 5–30 μg/cm2 mass loading. The fitting of the optical spectroscopic data by an effective medium approximation model suggests that, independent of the thickness, the films have a 20% porosity and are completely hydroxydated. The resulting catalytic efficiency is independent on the film thickness, while the turnover frequency decreases with increasing electrode loading. These data suggest that an excess of catalyst mass with respect to the OER active sites is deposited in the case of thicker electrodes and sets the 15 nm film as an upper loading limit to maximize the electrocatalyst efficiency. This study represents a crucial step toward thickness optimization of NiFe electrodes to fabricate low-cost OER catalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Electrode Thickness in NiFe Nanogranular Films for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, many novel materials such as other metals and metal composites (such as Au, TiO 2 , WO 3 , CeO 2 , TiO 2 -MoO x , WS 3-x , and SnO 2 ) have also been applied as the support of Ir-based electrocatalysts for OER in recent reports. [173][174][175][176][177][178] Actually, these efforts of novel supports are still aiming at tuning the electronic structure of Ir.…”

Section: Support Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iridium‐based electrocatalysts toward sustainable energy conversion

Huang

Zhao

2022

EcoMat

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Electrocatalysis is an important branch in electrochemistry and also has a significant position in energy storage/conversion. Iridium (Ir)-based electrocatalysts show promise because of the inherent redox property. Considering the abundance and expensive cost of such noble metal, significant efforts have been made to rationally improve the electrochemical performance of Ir-based electrocatalysts during these years from the viewpoints of structural design and kinetic analysis. Most of the reports may aim to achieve high Ir atomic utilization with more exposed active sites, and both high electrochemical activity and durable stability are expected. In this case, Ir-based single atoms, nanostructures, and composites are reported with various electrocatalytic applications of water splitting (involving hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reaction) and other electrocatalytic oxidation reactions (involving hydrogen oxidation reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, ammonia oxidation reaction, and formic acid oxidation reaction) as well as other electrocatalytic reduction reactions (involving oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction). These works deserve to be discussed and this review article comprehensively summarized the most significant reports. We analyzed Ir-based electrocatalysts from the viewpoints of synthesis, structure, electrochemical property, and reaction mechanism. The challenges and outlooks in the future were also provided from the aspects of fundamental studies and industrial applications, which may attract more attention and provide new insight into the design of advanced Ir-based electrocatalysts with high performance.

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“…These protons diffuse through a proton-conducting membrane to the cathode side, where they are recombined with electrons to evolve as gaseous hydrogen (H 2 ). On the cathode, platinum (Pt) is predominantly used as catalyst, whereas on the anode-side iridium (Ir) is typically used for the OER due to its relatively high activity and stability [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Accelerated Stress Tests for Enhancing MEA Durability in PEM Water Electrolysis Cells

Kuhnert

Hacker

Bodner

2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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During the past decades, a significant amount of excellent scientific results has been generated in the field of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Compared to current state-of-the-art technologies, PEMWE offers the opportunity to produce green hydrogen with zero carbon emissions. However, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), whose price is still high for a rather limited lifetime, needs further improvement in terms of performance, cost, and durability. In order to efficiently process novel materials, accelerated stress tests (ASTs) can be implemented to provoke and investigate cell ageing processes and assess failure modes under real-life conditions. In this review, the different accelerated stressors of the main components of the MEA are discussed, and recent publications of ASTs in the study of PEMWE cell durability are summarized. Furthermore, a concise review of the degradation mechanisms for the individual MEA components depicted in recent publications is presented. The different aspects identified in this review serve as a roadmap to further advance the durability of novel stack materials.

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Dendritic gold-supported iridium/iridium oxide ultra-low loading electrodes for high-performance proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer

Cited by 47 publications

References 70 publications

Role of Electrode Thickness in NiFe Nanogranular Films for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Role of Electrode Thickness in NiFe Nanogranular Films for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Iridium‐based electrocatalysts toward sustainable energy conversion

A Review of Accelerated Stress Tests for Enhancing MEA Durability in PEM Water Electrolysis Cells

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