Demystifying the lifecycle environmental benefits and harms of LNG as marine fuel

Jang, Hayoung; Jeong, Byongug; Zhou, Peilin; Ha, Seungman; Nam, Dong

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116869

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the energy sector is transforming through electricity, transport, industrial convergence, and inter-sectoral integration. Jang et al [13] investigated the LNG contribution to the reduction of environmental releases, specifically in maritime transport. Parametric trend LCA was used for the study.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annual air emissions footprint is calculated based on each destination's annual LNG demand. First, the yearly LNG product is shipped to be converted into volume units per Equation (13).…”

Section: Annual Air Emissions Footprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endpoint_HH Hierarchic = Midpoint Hierarchic × CF Hierarchic (16) where is the human health impact, are the CO 2 -eq, PM 2.5 -eq, and NO x -eq values of the emitted substances and is the characterization factor, as defined in Table 3. The conversion of global warming potential (CO 2 -eq), fine particulate matter formation (PM 2.5 -eq), and photochemical ozone formation (NO x -eq) to human health equivalence are achieved following Equation (13), where the CO 2 -eq, PM 2.5 -eq, and NO x -eq are calculated first for emitted substances. Then the Human Health impact is determined based on constant factors developed by ReCiPe 2016.…”

Section: Mid-point To End-pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle Air Emissions and Social Human Health Impact Assessment of Liquified Natural Gas Maritime Transport

et al. 2021

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Air pollution, which causes over seven million deaths per year, is the most significant and specifically related to health impacts. Nearly 90% of the urban population worldwide is exposed to pollution not meeting the World Health Organization guidelines for air quality. Many atmospheric carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emitting sources, such as inefficient energy and polluting transportation, directly impact health. Natural gas maritime transport from various parts of the world (carbon supplied to consuming areas) has become more critical. Natural gas liquefaction offers a cleaner and more efficient transportation option and also increases its storage capacity. It is expected that natural gas will reduce the human health impact compared with other traditional fuels consumed. This research establishes a life cycle assessment model of air emission and social human health impact related to LNG maritime transport to investigate the impact of each type of fuel used for the numerous maritime carriers. In order to build a model for air emissions and social human health impact assessments based on hypotheses on various unknown criteria, a calculation model is used. The results revealed Conventional-2 fuel type has the lowest human health impact for annual mode calculations, followed by Conventional-1, Q-Max, and finally Q-Flex. The analysis method for the per year demonstrated discrepancies in the relative human health impact due to the variation of the annual LNG demand by each destination and not only per the trip needs. The results show the importance of using a relatively cleaner fuel type such as Conventional-2 in reducing the health impact of LNG maritime transportation. Moreover, it shows differences in the air emissions as well as the human health impact based on the destination’s location and annual LNG demand.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Annual Air Emissions Footprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mid-point To End-pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle Air Emissions and Social Human Health Impact Assessment of Liquified Natural Gas Maritime Transport

et al. 2021

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“…The engine selected for the LNG-fueled ship was the Hyundai 5H22CFP, which is a dual-fuel engine. The GHG emission for the ship's fuel consumption based on the fuel type is as follows: 630 g CO 2 e/kWh for MGO, 620 g CO 2 e/kWh for heavy fuel oil (HFO), and 412 g CO 2 e/kWh for LNG (El-Houjeiri, Hassan et al, 2019;Jang et al, 2021). The CO 2 emission varied according to the tank size and the BOG treatment method, as shown in Table 9.…”

Section: Operatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, BOG treatment or the transport of LNG as an environmentally friendly fuel entails increased methane emissions, although the emissions of conventional pollutants such as NOx and SOx are reduced (Yu et al, 2020). Compared to CO 2 , methane leads to an approximately 25-fold higher GHG effect due to its high global warming potential (GWP) (Jang et al, 2021). Despite efforts to minimize the release of methane into the atmosphere, the following scenarios of potential leakage are possible (Herdzik, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis by LNG Fuel Tank Size through Life Cycle

Park¹,

Choi²

2021

J. Ocean Eng. Technol.

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As greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport are increasing, the International Maritime Organization is continuously working to strengthen emission regulations. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel is less advantageous as a point of CO 2 reduction due to the methane leakage that occurs during the bunkering and operation of marine engines. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions from an LNG-fueled ship were analyzed from the perspective of the life cycle. The amount ofmethane emission during the bunkering and operation procedures with various boil-off gas (BOG) treatment methods and gas engine specifications was analyzed by dynamic simulation. The results were also compared with those of other liquid fuel engines. As a result, small LNG-fueled ships without a BOG treatment facility emitted 32% more greenhouse gas than ships utilizing marine gas oil or heavy fuel oil. To achieve a greenhouse gas reduction via a BOG treatment method, a gas combustion unit or re-liquefaction system must be mounted, which results in a greenhouse gas reduction effect of about 25% and 30%. As a result of comparing the amount of greenhouse gas generated according to the BOG treatment method used with each tank size from the perspective of the operating cycle with the amounts from using existing marine fuels, the BOG treatment method showed superior effects of greenhouse gas reduction.

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LCA Studies on Marine Alternative Fuels

Bilgili

2023

Decarbonization of Maritime Transport

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Demystifying the lifecycle environmental benefits and harms of LNG as marine fuel

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Life Cycle Air Emissions and Social Human Health Impact Assessment of Liquified Natural Gas Maritime Transport

Life Cycle Air Emissions and Social Human Health Impact Assessment of Liquified Natural Gas Maritime Transport

Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis by LNG Fuel Tank Size through Life Cycle

LCA Studies on Marine Alternative Fuels

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