Demonstration of nonlinear acoustical effects at biomedical frequencies and intensities

Carstensen, E. L.; Law, W. K.; McKay, Neil; Muir, Thomas G.

doi:10.1016/0301-5629(80)90005-8

Cited by 132 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These overtones originate from non-linear propagation of the fundamental frequencies through biological tissue. The principles of nonlinear distortion were already discussed in the early 1980s [1,2], and 5 years later the first observations of non-linear distortion in tissue were reported by Starritt et al [3,4] who examined human calf muscle in vivo using a clinical pulse-echo scanner, and an excised bovine liver in vitro using a focused transducer commonly used in commercial US systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phase-inversion tissue harmonic imaging compared with conventional B-mode ultrasound in the evaluation of pancreatic lesions

et al. 2004

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The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and image quality of conventional B-mode US (BM) and phase-inversion tissue harmonic imaging (PTHI) regarding pancreatic pathology. In a prospective study, 107 patients, aged between 28 and 85 years, underwent US examinations of the pancreas with both BM and PTHI in a randomly chosen order. As diagnostic reference, either contrast-enhanced CT or MRI examinations of the upper abdomen were obtained in all patients. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using the Student's t test. Differences in overall image quality, lesion conspicuity, fluid-solid differentiation, and delineation of the pancreatic tail were analyzed using Wilcoxon's signed ranks test and Bowker's symmetry test. Sixteen of 107 examined patients (15%) were non-diagnostic and excluded due to technical limitations such as abdominal gas. A total of 60 pancreatic lesions (cysts, acute pancreatitis, dilatation of the pancreatic duct, calcifications, and solid tumors) were diagnosed by CT or MRI. Phase-inversion tissue harmonic imaging had a higher sensitivity of 70% (14 of 20) than BM (60%; 24 of 40) for the detection of pancreatic lesions; however, the difference was not statistically significant ( p=0.46). In the assessment of lesions <1 cm of size, PTHI had a sensitivity of 70% and BM 46.7%, whereby the difference again was not statistically significant. Phase-inversion tissue harmonic imaging proved to be superior to BM regarding overall image quality ( p<0.0001), lesion conspicuity ( p=0.0045), and fluid-solid differentiation ( p=0.0002), as well as the delineation of the pancreatic tail ( p<0.0001). These differences were statistically significant. The statistically significant improvement of image quality with regards to lesion conspicuity, fluid-solid differentiation, and delineation of the pancreatic tail favors the use of PTHI when evaluating the pancreas with US. Sensitivity for pancreatic lesions is increased with PTHI in comparison with conventional sonography (BM), especially in lesions <1 cm in diameter, although the difference was not statistically significant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phase-inversion tissue harmonic imaging compared with conventional B-mode ultrasound in the evaluation of pancreatic lesions

et al. 2004

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“…The frequency domain of the receiving signals contains additional harmonic frequencies at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. Muir et al [4] and Carstensen et al [5] first reported that B-mode scanners might produce large enough signal amplitude to cause the nonlinear effects. They ran a series of experiments with medical ultrasound transducers to support their predictions.…”

Section: Biomedical Engineering-applications Basis and Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Second Harmonic in Strain Imaging: A Phantom Study

Yang

Huang

2003

Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun.

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“…The continued increase in the use of ultrasound (US) in medicine and the realization that nonlinear propagation (Duck 2000;Humphrey 2000;Carstensen et al 1980) can occur in medical ultrasonic fields have resulted in greater interest in the safety considerations associated with ultrasonic systems. Previous work (Bacon and Carstensen 1990;Hynynen 1987) has highlighted that heating effects, among other factors, need to be considered more closely, with special emphasis placed on fetal scanning (Barnett 2001;Vella et al 2003;Whittingham 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband measurements of the frequency dependence of attenuation coefficient and velocity in amniotic fluid, urine and human serum albumin solutions

Verma

Humphrey

Duck

2005

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Demonstration of nonlinear acoustical effects at biomedical frequencies and intensities

Cited by 132 publications

References 13 publications

Phase-inversion tissue harmonic imaging compared with conventional B-mode ultrasound in the evaluation of pancreatic lesions

Phase-inversion tissue harmonic imaging compared with conventional B-mode ultrasound in the evaluation of pancreatic lesions

Use of the Second Harmonic in Strain Imaging: A Phantom Study

Broadband measurements of the frequency dependence of attenuation coefficient and velocity in amniotic fluid, urine and human serum albumin solutions

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