Demography of a Shade-Tolerant Tree (Fagus grandifolia) in a Hurricane-Disturbed Forest

Batista, William B.; Platt, William J.; Macchiavelli, Raúl

doi:10.2307/176863

Cited by 35 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Our approach distinguishes effects of tree vigor and tree size. The survival model is nonparametric, allowing increase in mortality risk with decreasing growth rate (a composite index of vigor; Kobe 1996, Wyckoff andClark 2000) and with increasing diameter (Platt et al 1988, Batista et al 1998, Uriarte et al 2004 and strong nonlinearities in these relationships. We impose only a monotonicity constraint, which is less rigid than parametric models that assume not only monotonicity, but also a specific functional form.…”

Section: Synthetic Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐dimensional coexistence based on individual variation: a synthesis of evidence

Clark

Bell

Chu

et al. 2010

Ecological Monographs

149

238

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High biodiversity of forests is not predicted by traditional models, and evidence for trade‐offs those models require is limited. High‐dimensional regulation (e.g., N factors to regulate N species) has long been recognized as a possible alternative explanation, but it has not be been seriously pursued, because only a few limiting resources are evident for trees, and analysis of multiple interactions is challenging. We develop a hierarchical model that allows us to synthesize data from long‐term, experimental, data sets with processes that control growth, maturation, fecundity, and survival. We allow for uncertainty at all stages and variation among 26 000 individuals and over time, including 268 000 tree years, for dozens of tree species. We estimate population‐level parameters that apply at the species level and the interactions among latent states, i.e., the demographic rates for each individual, every year. The former show that the traditional trade‐offs used to explain diversity are not present. Demographic rates overlap among species, and they do not show trends consistent with maintenance of diversity by simple mechanisms (negative correlations and limiting similarity). However, estimates of latent states at the level of individuals and years demonstrate that species partition environmental variation. Correlations between responses to variation in time are high for individuals of the same species, but not for individuals of different species. We demonstrate that these relationships are pervasive, providing strong evidence that high‐dimensional regulation is critical for biodiversity regulation.

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Section: Synthetic Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐dimensional coexistence based on individual variation: a synthesis of evidence

Clark

Bell

Chu

et al. 2010

Ecological Monographs

149

238

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For many species of long-lived organisms, survival rather than growth or regeneration appears to be the most critical vital rate affecting population persistence (sensu Batista et al 1998). Indeed, this pattern has been reported for a wide range of species, including a bird of prey (Katzner et al 2006), a common pond turtle (Congdon et al 1994), a perennial wetland herb (Pino et al 2007), and a slow-growing marine invertebrate (Linares et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Trees are long-lived, sessile organisms whose persistence is strongly dependent upon survivorship (Silvertown et al 1993, Batista et al 1998. Moreover, tree mortality is a key driver of forest development and change (Hawkes 2000, Keane et al 2001, Lutz and Halpern 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Elements of Mortality Risk in Old-Growth Forests

Das

Battles

Mantgem

et al. 2008

Ecology

113

107

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For many species of long-lived organisms, such as trees, survival appears to be the most critical vital rate affecting population persistence. However, methods commonly used to quantify tree death, such as relating tree mortality risk solely to diameter growth, almost certainly do not account for important spatial processes. Our goal in this study was to detect and, if present, to quantify the relevance of such processes. For this purpose, we examined purely spatial aspects of mortality for four species, Abies concolor, Abies magnifica, Calocedrus decurrens, and Pinus lambertiana, in an old-growth conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. The analysis was performed using data from nine fully mapped long-term monitoring plots. In three cases, the results unequivocally supported the inclusion of spatial information in models used to predict mortality. For Abies concolor, our results suggested that growth rate may not always adequately capture increased mortality risk due to competition. We also found evidence of a facilitative effect for this species, with mortality risk decreasing with proximity to conspecific neighbors. For Pinus lambertiana, mortality risk increased with density of conspecific neighbors, in keeping with a mechanism of increased pathogen or insect pressure (i.e., a Janzen-Connell type effect). Finally, we found that models estimating risk of being crushed were strongly improved by the inclusion of a simple index of spatial proximity. Not only did spatial indices improve models, those improvements were relevant for mortality prediction. For P. lambertiana, spatial factors were important for estimation of mortality risk regardless of growth rate. For A. concolor, although most of the population fell within spatial conditions in which mortality risk was well described by growth, trees that died occurred outside those conditions in a disproportionate fashion. Furthermore, as stands of A. concolor become increasingly dense, such spatial factors are likely to become increasingly important. In general, models that fail to account for spatial pattern are at risk of failure as conditions change.

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“…Studies of hurricane effects have indicated low mortality in most angiosperm-dominated forests (e.g., Boucher et al 1990, Bellingham 1991, Walker 1991, Whigham et al 1991, Yih et al 1991, Walker et al 1992, Zimmerman et al 1994, Slater et al 1995, Batista and Platt 1997, Foster et al 1997, Batista et al 1998, Allen and Sharitz 1999, Robertson and Platt 2002. Winds in the most intense hurricanes may damage the canopy without killing most of the canopy trees (e.g., Boucher et al 1990, Slater et al 1995.…”

Section: Effects Of Hurricanes On Seasonal Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Structure of Seasonally Deciduous Forests in the Americas

Quigley

Platt

2003

Ecological Monographs

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Forest canopies with leaves shed annually (seasonally deciduous forests) produce a different subcanopy environment than canopies with persistent leaves (evergreen forests). Although causes differ with latitude, seasonality might affect structure and composition of forests similarly. We explored changes in species composition and vertical structure in seasonally deciduous forests from 0°–40° N in the Americas. We measured all woody stems ≥1 cm dbh within replicated 0.0625‐ha plots (16 at each of 9 sites, N > 31 000). Numbers of species, as well as density and basal area, were analyzed parametrically for canopy trees, subcanopy trees, shrubs, and lianas. Numbers of species, especially shrubs and subcanopy trees, were greater in warm (30° N) than cool (40° N) temperate forests. Much larger numbers occurred in subtropical (20° N) and tropical (10° N and 0°) forests, but did not vary in relation to latitude. Higher than expected numbers in areas <0.25 ha in all forests, but especially subtropical forests, indicated local heterogeneity in species composition. Few species occurred exclusively in any structural category, especially at 20° and 30° N. The density of lianas relative to self‐supporting plants was highest at 10° N and declined with increasing latitude. The density of woody plants in the canopy, subcanopy, and shrub layers was higher at 20° N than at other latitudes. In addition, basal area was lowest at 20° N; canopy trees comprised 70% of basal area at 20°, but almost 90% at 0° and 40° N. The subcanopy proportion of basal area was greatest at 30° and least at 40° N. Our study produced general hypotheses. Seasonality influences regeneration dynamics, affecting forest composition and structure along with gap dynamics. Spatial heterogeneity within seasonal forests reflects local regeneration dynamics, including spatial heterogeneity in site conditions, broad tails of dispersal and establishment under a wide range of environmental conditions, as well as recruitment limitations. Structural characteristics of seasonal forests change latitudinally in ways that reflect differences in hurricane frequency. Hurricane effects interact with seasonality to influence the composition and dynamics of seasonal forests at warm temperate and subtropical latitudes, producing seasonal forests that differ from those at both higher and lower latitudes. Corresponding Editor: M. D. Abrams

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Demography of a Shade-Tolerant Tree (Fagus grandifolia) in a Hurricane-Disturbed Forest

Cited by 35 publications

References 54 publications

High‐dimensional coexistence based on individual variation: a synthesis of evidence

High‐dimensional coexistence based on individual variation: a synthesis of evidence

Spatial Elements of Mortality Risk in Old-Growth Forests

Composition and Structure of Seasonally Deciduous Forests in the Americas

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