Demographic surveillance and health equity in sub-Saharan Africa

Ngom, Pierre; Binka, Fred; Phillips, James F.; Pence, Brian W.; MacLeod, Bruce

doi:10.1093/heapol/16.4.337

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Substantial advances in survey design and methodology (30)(31)(32)(33) could readily be incorporated in Demographic Surveillance Systems (DSS) at colonization sites and in nearby towns, thereby providing high-quality appraisals of behavioral risks over time. Linkage of DSS longitudinal surveys to standard official data collection would also provide a basis for malaria monitoring over much wider geographical areas than would be feasible with community based in-depth surveys of any kind.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria risk on the Amazon frontier

Castro

Monte-Mór

Sawyer

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

212

237

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Frontier malaria is a biological, ecological, and sociodemographic phenomenon operating over time at three spatial scales (micro͞ individual, community, and state and national). We explicate these linkages by integrating data from remote sensing surveys, groundlevel surveys and ethnographic appraisal, focusing on the Machadinho settlement project in Rondô nia, Brazil. Spatially explicit analyses reveal that the early stages of frontier settlement are dominated by environmental risks, consequential to ecosystem transformations that promote larval habitats of Anopheles darlingi. With the advance of forest clearance and the establishment of agriculture, ranching, and urban development, malaria transmission is substantially reduced, and risks of new infection are largely driven by human behavioral factors. Malaria mitigation strategies for frontier settlements require a combination of preventive and curative methods and close collaboration between the health and agricultural sectors. Of fundamental importance is matching the agricultural potential of specific plots to the economic and technical capacities of new migrants. Equally important is providing an effective agricultural extension service.Brazilian Amazon ͉ frontier malaria E conomically and politically driven human migration in the Amazon basin of Brazil over the past century has been accompanied by substantial ecosystem transformation and the promotion of malaria transmission (1-3). Research programs in parasitology, entomology, and epidemiology of vector-borne diseases were established in Brazil in the 1890s (4-6) followed, almost immediately, by translation into malaria mitigation strategies (3, 7). Major eradication and control campaigns in Amazonia, initiated in the 1950s and persisting until 1970 (1), succeeded in reducing the number of malaria cases in the region to Ϸ30,000 (in 1970) (roughly 60% of all cases reported in the country).The modern era of Amazon frontier expansion began during the military government with the introduction of large scale colonization projects focused on agriculture, mineral extraction, and wide-ranging human settlement (8-13). The human population of the Amazon grew from 7.2 million in 1970 to 11 million in 1980 and then to 18.7 million by 1996, accompanied by a dramatic increase in malaria cases (14, 15). As of 1999, there were Ϸ600,000 malaria cases in Brazil, 99.7% of which were concentrated in the legal Amazon. The spatial distribution of these cases was very irregular, and a lack of spatially targeted mitigation strategies resulted in inefficient allocation of resources. In 1986, 60% of all malaria cases in the Amazon were concentrated in 58% of the municipalities, but 70% of the budget for malaria control was spent in municipalities with only 3% of the cases (16).Characterizing malaria risk in the rapidly transforming Amazon ecosystems requires considering biological and ecological phenomena acting at multiple spatial scales, juxtaposed with behavioral and economic conditions. In this regard, we adapt and add precis...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria risk on the Amazon frontier

Castro

Monte-Mór

Sawyer

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

212

237

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“…Preceded by a baseline household census, vital events (e.g. births, marriages, migration, and deaths) are tracked and updated regularly (Vital Event Registration, VER), usually three to four times a year (11). However, HDSS sites are not representative of the entire region or the country.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measuring population health: costs of alternative survey approaches in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System in rural Burkina Faso

Lietz

Lingani

Sié

et al. 2015

Global Health Action

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BackgroundThere are more than 40 Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites in 19 different countries. The running costs of HDSS sites are high. The financing of HDSS activities is of major importance, and adding external health surveys to the HDSS is challenging. To investigate the ways of improving data quality and collection efficiency in the Nouna HDSS in Burkina Faso, the stand-alone data collection activities of the HDSS and the Household Morbidity Survey (HMS) were integrated, and the paper-based questionnaires were consolidated into a single tablet-based questionnaire, the Comprehensive Disease Assessment (CDA).ObjectiveThe aims of this study are to estimate and compare the implementation costs of the two different survey approaches for measuring population health.DesignAll financial costs of stand-alone (HDSS and HMS) and integrated (CDA) surveys were estimated from the perspective of the implementing agency. Fixed and variable costs of survey implementation and key cost drivers were identified. The costs per household visit were calculated for both survey approaches.ResultsWhile fixed costs of survey implementation were similar for the two survey approaches, there were considerable variations in variable costs, resulting in an estimated annual cost saving of about US$45,000 under the integrated survey approach. This was primarily because the costs of data management for the tablet-based CDA survey were considerably lower than for the paper-based stand-alone surveys. The cost per household visit from the integrated survey approach was US$21 compared with US$25 from the stand-alone surveys for collecting the same amount of information from 10,000 HDSS households.ConclusionsThe CDA tablet-based survey method appears to be feasible and efficient for collecting health and demographic data in the Nouna HDSS in rural Burkina Faso. The possibility of using the tablet-based data collection platform to improve the quality of population health data requires further exploration.

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“…Relative efficacy was evaluated with data on child mortality and fertility trends collected by the Navrongo Demographic Surveillance System (NDSS) 16 , 27 , 28 …”

Section: Phased Program Development Of Chpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned from scaling up a community-based health program in the Upper East Region of northern Ghana

Awoonor-Williams

Sory

Nyonator

et al. 2013

Glob Health Sci Pract

102

113

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The original CHPS model deployed nurses to the community and engaged local leaders, reducing child mortality and fertility substantially. Key scaling-up lessons: (1) place nurses in home districts but not home villages, (2) adapt uniquely to each district, (3) mobilize local resources, (4) develop a shared project vision, and (5) conduct “exchanges” so that staff who are initiating operations can observe the model working in another setting, pilot the approach locally, and expand based on lessons learned.

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Demographic surveillance and health equity in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Malaria risk on the Amazon frontier

Malaria risk on the Amazon frontier

Measuring population health: costs of alternative survey approaches in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System in rural Burkina Faso

Lessons learned from scaling up a community-based health program in the Upper East Region of northern Ghana

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