Demographic impacts on interpersonal conflict, mistreatment and discrimination: A survey of labor in public sector of Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the demographic effects on three interrelated variables that is, interpersonal conflict, mistreatment and discrimination. A self-structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for the survey of public sector employees in Balochistan. The main hypothesis was 'Demographic characteristics of employees have significant impact on interpersonal conflict, mistreatment and discrimination'. Findings of this study revealed that organizational scale (Basic Pay Scale), age and experience have significant impact on the responses however; the responses of labor from both the organizations show no significant differences in interpersonal conflict, mistreatment and discrimination. The data used for the analysis is first hand as well as recorded for the first time.

Teachers’ Conflict-Inducing Attitudes and Their Repercussions on Students’ Psychological Health and Learning Outcomes

“…Uncivil behavior reduces morale, performance, and the effectiveness of teacher–student relationships. These findings are consistent with the studies [17,97,98] that have argued that uncivil behavior with colleagues adversely affects employee performance. In an educational setting, it generates problems among teachers and diverts their attention from student-related duties.…”

“…We collected the data from the same province, and, by and large, our respondents were of the same ethnicity. This result is also consistent with the findings of Bibi and Karim [17], who did not find gender-discrimination-related issues in the same sample area.…”

“…Students’ Educational Outcomes (SEO) and Psychological Outcomes (PSYO) are the exclusive endogenous dependent variables. Conflict-Inducing Attitude (CIAT) towards students is used as both a dependent and independent variable [8,17,39].…”

“…Contemporary studies have found that employee incivility, discrimination, and higher discontent with organizational resources can result in conflict-inducing attitudes [8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Conversely, some authors [8,9,18,19,20] have stated that conflict-inducing attitudes in the education sector affect the learning outcomes and psychological traits of students.…”

Identity of organizational conflict framework: Evaluating model factors based on demographic characteristics in Iran

“…Also, interestingly, both principals and teachers strongly agreed that the most effective method of solving conflict was to find the causes and take the proper steps for the solutions (Salleh & Adulpakdee, 2012). Bibi, Siraj and Nawaz (2012), in their study states that organizational scale (Basic Pay Scale), age and experience had a significant impact on the responses, Also, they state that responses of labor from both the organizations showed that there are no significant differences in interpersonal conflict, mistreatment and discrimination (Bibi et al, 2012).…”