Demographic characteristics and anxiety in the educational setting during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Indonesia: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Background and Aims This study aims to analyze the relationship between gender, age, occupation, residence, and anxiety in the education environment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Methods This study used a descriptive‐analytic cross‐sectional design to determine anxiety using the DASS 42 questionnaire given to 181 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, and the data analysis used was the Chi‐square test and multivariate analysis. Results It was found that 66.7% of teenagers experienced anxiety, while 33.3% of adults experienced anxiety. In addition, the school‐age community (86.2%) experienced higher anxiety compared with the working‐age community (13.8%) who experienced anxiety. Women experienced more significant anxiety (66.7%) compared with men (33.3%). People living on the island of Java (74.7%) have a greater incidence of anxiety compared with people living outside Java (25.3%). Conclusion There is a significant relationship between the type of occupation and the incidence of anxiety with p < 0.05 (OR = 0.341). A significant correlation was found between age with the incidence of anxiety with p < 0.05 (OR = 0.489). The demographic factors altogether had significant relationships with the anxiety in the educational environment during the COVID‐19 pandemic with a p value < 0.05 and R Square of 0.069. There is a strong relationship between the demographic factors and the incidence of anxiety in the community's educational environment during the COVID‐19 pandemic with p < 0.05. It is suggested that women, school‐age communities, or the un‐employment community need to be supported to alleviate the impact of COVID‐19 on anxiety through several programs.

Association between flaunting behaviors on social media and among the general population in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study

“…Here we applied the UCLA‐3 questionnaire, which is a three‐item scale to measure the loneliness of individuals. Respondents score themselves by choosing one option out of four for each item to determine their level of loneliness: hardly ever, some of the time, and often 49 . The UCLA‐3 scale has a total score range of 3–9.…”

“…The UCLA‐3 scale has a total score range of 3–9. A higher score indicates a greater level of loneliness 49–51 …”

“…Research conducted by Bailey et al 48 revealed that people expressing themselves more authentically on Facebook report feeling greater life satisfaction. Moreover, Covid‐19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of general population across the countries 49–51 . The comprehensive goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between SNS usage patterns and users' perceptions of sites with mental health issues such as loneliness and depressive disorders among the general Bangladeshi population.…”

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“…The spread of the mosquito vector can be alleviated using ovitrap tools to prevent the development of the Aedes aegypti as the dengue mosquito vector [20]. The need to control the environment, to minimize the physical burden such as dengue fever disease may contribute to lessening the health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic leading to minimize anxiety in society [21][22][23]. The use of promotional health to educate society about mitigating the spread of the dengue vector and the other diseases such as psychological issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic is also worth mentioning [24][25][26].…”

Psychological impact of COVID‐19 among undergraduate students in Jordan: A cross‐sectional study

“…Additionally, compared to the working‐age group, the community of school‐age students reported higher levels of anxiety. Compared to men, women reported much higher levels of anxiety 16 …”