Demographic and Clinical Features of Chinese Heroin Users Who Switch from Non-injection to Injection

Cui, Shaojuan; Li, Yaqiong; Xiang, Yu‐Tao; Yan, Kai-Juan; Fan, Chanxiao; Chen, Qun; Du, Wan-jun; Zhang, Guofu; Xiao, Le; Li, Yan; Yuan, Xiaofei; Xie, Kankan; Luo, Xi

doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.997826

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…compared with these laboratory approaches. There is even some indication that inhalation use of heroin may come before a switch to injection use (Clatts et al, 2011;Cui et al, 2015;Rahimi-Movaghar et al, 2015;Syvertsen et al, 2017;Tyree et al, 2020), perhaps due to perceptions of safety or cultural factors. This may be true with respect to, e.g., disease transmission associated with intravenous injection practices but may involve other risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A vapor exposure method for delivering heroin alters nociception, body temperature and spontaneous activity in female and male rats

Gutierrez

Creehan

Taffe

2021

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background:The ongoing crisis related to non-medical use of opioids makes it of continued importance to understand the risk factors for opioid addiction, the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of opioid exposure and to seek potential avenues for therapy.Pre-clinical rodent models have been critical to advancing understanding of opioid consequences for decades, but have been mostly limited to drug delivery by injection or by oral dosing. Inhalation, a significant route for many human users, has not been as well-established. Method:We adapted an e-cigarette based exposure system, previously shown efficacious for delivery of other drugs to rats, to deliver heroin vapor. Effects in vivo were assessed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats using a warm-water assay for anti-nociception and an implanted radiotelemetry system for evaluating changes in body temperature and spontaneous activity rate.Results: Inhalation of vapor created by heroin 100 mg/mL in the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle significantly slowed tail-withdrawal from a 52°C water bath, bi-phasically altered activity, and increased temperature in male and female rats. Inhalation of heroin 50 mg/mL for 15 minutes produced significant effects, as the lower bound on efficacy, whereas inhalation of heroin 100 mg/mL for 30 minutes produced robust effects across all endpoints and groups. Conclusions:This work shows that e-cigarette devices deliver psychoactive doses of heroin to rats, using concentrations of ~50-100 mg/mL and inhalation durations of 15-30 minutes. This technique may be useful to assess the health consequences of inhaled heroin and other opioid drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A vapor exposure method for delivering heroin alters nociception, body temperature and spontaneous activity in female and male rats

Gutierrez

Creehan

Taffe

2021

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…In addition, we should not ignore is that many studies on PWUD have shown sociodemography was closely related to high-risk behaviors for HIV and HCV infection. Several studies demonstrated that the younger the individual, the higher the risk of IDU ( 14 – 16 ), needle sharing ( 14 , 17 , 18 ), and having MSP ( 14 , 19 ). Still, other studies showed that age was positively correlated with IDU ( 20 , 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, other studies showed that age was positively correlated with IDU ( 20 , 21 ). Controversial opinions on gender ( 14 , 19 , 22 ), education ( 14 , 16 , 23 ), and marital status ( 14 , 16 , 24 ) had been raised. Earlier studies also showed that lower socioeconomic status ( 25 ) was positively correlated with IDU, unstable incomes ( 26 ) were positively correlated with syringe sharing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies also showed that lower socioeconomic status ( 25 ) was positively correlated with IDU, unstable incomes ( 26 ) were positively correlated with syringe sharing. Homelessness ( 15 , 24 ) and unemployment ( 16 , 27 ) were positively correlated with injecting drug use, syringe sharing, unprotected sex ( 24 ), and having MSP ( 28 ). Besides, people who injected drugs were more likely to live with their parents ( 29 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic Factors Associated With HIV/HCV High-Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs on Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 10-Year Observational Study

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Sociodemographic factors have an impact worldwide on the behavior of people who use drugs (PWUD). This study attempts to clarify the sociodemographic factors related to HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors (injection drug use, syringe sharing, and multiple sex partners) among PWUD on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in the long term.Methods: The 13,300 PWUD recruited into the MMT program were followed during 2006–2015. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors.Results: We found that male (vs. female), living alone (vs. living with family or relatives), temporary income, financial support from family/friends, and financial support from social welfare (vs. regular salary) were positively associated with injection drug use. Age of initial drug use was negatively associated with injection drug use and syringe sharing. For both genders, being unmarried (vs. married or in cohabitation), living with friends, living alone (vs. living with family or relatives), temporary income, financial supports from family/friends (vs. regular salary), being employed (vs. unemployed/between jobs) was positively associated. In contrast, age at baseline was negatively associated with having multiple sexual partners for both genders. Ethnic of non-Han (vs. Han) was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners simply for males. Being divorced or widowed (vs. married or cohabitated) was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners merely for females.Conclusion: HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors correlated with certain sociodemographic factors of PWUD receiving MMT. There is a need for improving the well-being, employment, and housing status of PWUD on MMT to reduce their HIV/HCV risk behaviors.

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Initial Heroin Use Patterns Predict 5-Year Relapse: Results from a Longitudinal Cohort Study in Shanghai, China

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2020

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Demographic and Clinical Features of Chinese Heroin Users Who Switch from Non-injection to Injection

Abstract: The study has identified several risk factors for the switch to injection among heroin users. Understanding these factors can help design new approaches to more specifically target high-risk populations and high-risk behaviors to delay or prevent the transition to injection.

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

A vapor exposure method for delivering heroin alters nociception, body temperature and spontaneous activity in female and male rats

A vapor exposure method for delivering heroin alters nociception, body temperature and spontaneous activity in female and male rats

Sociodemographic Factors Associated With HIV/HCV High-Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs on Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 10-Year Observational Study

Initial Heroin Use Patterns Predict 5-Year Relapse: Results from a Longitudinal Cohort Study in Shanghai, China

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