“…Bode diagram of conventional LESO, LESO, and MLESO are depicted in Figure 5, with ω o , T e , and α being chosen as 9500 rad/s, 5ω 2 o , and 0.05, respectively. One can observe that MLESO has similar frequency characteristics to LESO in middle-and low-frequency bands.…”
Summary
Microgrid inverters are characterized by nonlinearities, strong coupling, and switching flexibility, by which traditional proportional‐integral control is inadequate to realize a satisfactory control performance due to its local linearization. This paper attempts to design a modified linear active disturbance rejection control (MLADRC) for voltage control of microgrid inverters. Under the framework of extended state observer, voltage error derivative is obtained indirectly by the measurement of filter capacitor current, such that the observation performance of extended state observer could be significantly improved. Furthermore, a first‐order inertial link is employed in the perturbation loop to effectively suppress observation noises. A thorough frequency response analysis of MLADRC, linear active disturbance rejection control, and proportional‐integral control is undertaken, which shows that MLADRC owns superior disturbance rejection performance than that of others. Lastly, hardware experiment validates the effectiveness and implementation feasibility of MLADRC.
“…Bode diagram of conventional LESO, LESO, and MLESO are depicted in Figure 5, with ω o , T e , and α being chosen as 9500 rad/s, 5ω 2 o , and 0.05, respectively. One can observe that MLESO has similar frequency characteristics to LESO in middle-and low-frequency bands.…”
Summary
Microgrid inverters are characterized by nonlinearities, strong coupling, and switching flexibility, by which traditional proportional‐integral control is inadequate to realize a satisfactory control performance due to its local linearization. This paper attempts to design a modified linear active disturbance rejection control (MLADRC) for voltage control of microgrid inverters. Under the framework of extended state observer, voltage error derivative is obtained indirectly by the measurement of filter capacitor current, such that the observation performance of extended state observer could be significantly improved. Furthermore, a first‐order inertial link is employed in the perturbation loop to effectively suppress observation noises. A thorough frequency response analysis of MLADRC, linear active disturbance rejection control, and proportional‐integral control is undertaken, which shows that MLADRC owns superior disturbance rejection performance than that of others. Lastly, hardware experiment validates the effectiveness and implementation feasibility of MLADRC.
This paper proposes an efficient modular sector variable-step perturb and observe (VSPO) maximum power point tracking algorithm. The proposed algorithm enhances the speed tracking and minimizes oscillations level problems associated with traditional P&O methods. The routine of generating the variable step sizes depends on splitting the (P-ω) characteristic curve of wind turbines into modular sectors, in which the perturbation step size for each sector is selected by comparing a suggested ratio with another specified ratio designed according to the required accuracy. By continuously observing the distance between the actual rotor speed and the optimal rotor speed, the VSPO technique applies variable perturbation step sizes according to the current operating sector. Moreover, a wind speed estimation technique is used as a replacement of distributed anemometers for tracking the optimal rotor speed at different wind speeds. The studied system configuration includes three-phase back-to-back converter which is used to connect a 1.5 MW permanent magnet synchronous generator into the utility grid. Furthermore, the model predictive control is used for current control loop in the machine-side converter. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, its simulation results are compared with the simulation results of conventional P&O technique under step and random wind variations. In addition, the algorithm performance is studied with real wind data (Hokkaido Island, Japan) using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Simulation results show that the VSPO ensures the high tracking speed of maximum power point, while the steady-state oscillation is significantly reduced. The proposed algorithm enhances the system efficiency by 3.5% over the conventional one.
“…However, their inherent property of high randomness and intermittency inevitably results in numerous problems [4,5]. Particularly, the renewable energy is usually located far from load centers thus an effectively bulk electrical power transmission with long distance is of great importance to ensure a reliable and controllable power supply [6].…”
The probability of a single pole-to-ground fault in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines is relatively high. For the modular multilevel converter HVDC (MMC-HVDC) systems, when a single pole-to-ground fault occurs, the fault current is small, and it is difficult to identify the fault quickly. Through a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the single pole-to-ground fault of the MMC-HVDC transmission line, it is found that the single pole-to-ground fault has obvious capacitance-related characteristics, and the transient process after the single pole-to-ground fault is the discharge process of the distributed capacitance of the line. However, other faults do not have such obvious capacitance-related characteristics. Based on such feature, this paper proposes a novel capacitive fuzzy identification method to identify the single pole-to-ground fault. This algorithm can effectively identify both the fault of single pole-to-ground and the fault pole, which can contribute to the large database of the future smart grid.
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