Demand side resource operation on the Irish power system with high wind power penetration

Abstract

The utilisation of demand side resources is set to increase over the coming years with the advent of advanced metering infrastructure, home area networks and the promotion of increased energy efficiency. Demand side resources are proposed as an energy resource that, through aggregation, can form part of the power system plant mix and contribute to the flexible operation of a power system. A model for demand side resources is proposed here that captures its key characteristics for commitment and dispatch calculations. The model is tested on the all island Irish power system, and the operation of the model is simulated over one year in both a stochastic and deterministic mode, to illustrate the impact of wind and load uncertainty. The results illustrate that demand side resources can contribute to the efficient, flexible operation of systems with high penetrations of wind by replacing some of the functions of conventional peaking plant. Demand side resources are also shown to be capable of improving the reliability of the system, with reserve capability identified as a key requirement in this respect.

Demand Side Management of public clean water supply

“…DSM allows some demand to be moved from peak times to periods of low demand and/or high wind, thus reducing the need for curtailment [3]. As wind power has negligible marginal costs, it tends to reduce the system marginal price (SMP) [5] and reduces the need for fossil-fired generation [6]. Ireland already has very high wind power penetration, with a corresponding effect on SMP [7] [8].…”

Management of public water supply to reduce energy cost and improve wind power uptake

“…Such loads include domestic water heating, refrigeration [7] and electric vehicle charging. Municipal water supply has also been highlighted as a load with significant potential for DSM [8].…”

On the representation of demand-side management in power system models

“…DSM may refer to increased responsiveness to real-time prices; for example, Alcott (2012) analyzes the repercussions of elastic demand concerning efficiency and welfare, or Borenstein (2005) further elaborates on distributional implications. Likewise, DSM may refer to load shifting between periods, temporary load shedding, or both of the latter like in Paulus and Borggrefe (2011) or Keane et al (2011). DSM may be realized in industrial, commercial or domestic applications.…”

“…In a related setting, Richter (2011) considers restrictions with regard to both hourly load shifts and overall energy shifted in specific subsets of the whole time frame considered, but is rather vague about how these subsets are implemented. Keane et al (2011) model DSM in a unit commitment framework. They also differentiate between load shifting and shedding (here called "clipping").…”