Predictive contract mechanisms such as dead reckoning are widely employed to support scalable remote entity modeling in distributed interactive applications (DIAs). By employing a form of controlled inconsistency, a reduction in network traffic is achieved. However, by relying on the distribution of instantaneous derivative information, dead reckoning trades remote extrapolation accuracy for low computational complexity and ease-of-implementation. In this article, we present a novel extension of dead reckoning, termed neuro-reckoning, that seeks to replace the use of instantaneous velocity information with predictive velocity information in order to improve the accuracy of entity position extrapolation at remote hosts. Under our proposed neuro-reckoning approach, each controlling host employs a bank of neural network predictors trained to estimate future changes in entity velocity up to and including some maximum prediction horizon. The effect of each estimated change in velocity on the current entity position is simulated to produce an estimate for the likely position of the entity over some short time-span. Upon detecting an error threshold violation, the controlling host transmits a predictive velocity vector that extrapolates through the estimated position, as opposed to transmitting the instantaneous velocity vector. Such an approach succeeds in reducing the spatial error associated with remote extrapolation of entity state. Consequently, a further reduction in network traffic can be achieved. Simulation results conducted using several human users in a highly interactive DIA indicate significant potential for improved scalability when compared to the use of IEEE DIS standard dead reckoning. Our proposed neuro-reckoning framework exhibits low computational resource overhead for real-time use and can be seamlessly integrated into many existing dead reckoning mechanisms. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or direct commercial advantage and that copies show this notice on the first page or initial screen of a display along with the full citation. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, to redistribute to lists, or to use any component of this work in other works requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Permissions may be requested from Publications Dept., ACM, Inc., 2 Penn Plaza, Suite 701, New York, NY 10121-0701 USA, fax +1 (212)

-This paper is the first part of a two-part paper that documents a detailed survey of the research carried out on consistency and latency in distributed interactive applications

Abstract--High speed permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) have attracted much attention due to their high power density, high efficiency, and compact size for directdrive applications. However, the consequent power loss density is high, and hence heat dissipation is a major technical challenge. This is particularly the case for high-speed operation. In this paper, a MW level high speed PMSM is designed and its electromagnetic and mechanical power losses comprehensively investigated using finite element analysis. The transient machine demagnetization performance is studied, and a composite rotor structure is proposed to improve machine anti-demagnetization capability. The temperature distribution of the proposed high speed PMSM is also analyzed using a fluid-thermal coupling method with calculated power loss. Experiments conducted on a prototype of the high speed PMSM demonstrate the effectiveness of the numerical models developed and validate the results obtained.Index Terms--Demagnetization, finite element method, high speed PM machine, magnetic field, power loss, thermal analysis.

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-This paper is the second part of a two part paper that documents a detailed survey of the research carried out on consistency and latency in distributed interactive applications (DIAs) in recent decades. Part I reviewed the terminology associated with DIAs and offered definitions for consistency and latency. A classification for consistency maintenance mechanisms was given and various mechanisms belonging to the first of three categories, time management, were described. Here, in the second part of the paper, the remaining two categories of mechanisms are examined -information management (such as predictive contract techniques, relevance filtering, packet bundling) and system architecture (such as QoS and protocols).