Demand and the (re)distribution of value: an overdetermined approach

Value, Cooperatives, and Class Justice

“…Workers in these industries expend labor that is not considered to be 'socially necessary' in the sense of having been undertaken with average skill and intensity as well as having been expended in line with existing social need as measured by effective demand. In this case, the value created by these workers again falls below that represented by the amount of value they have contributed and is credited to those firms that experience excess demand (Kristjanson-Gural 2003. While the lack of demand may signal that this commodity is produced in excess of society's need for it, it may be socially desirable to produce certain commodities (e.g., low-income housing, vaccines) in spite of a lack of effective demand, and the exchange-value of these commodities would be less than their value.…”

Postmodern Contributions to Marxian Economics: Theoretical Innovations and their Implications for Class Politics

“…See Wolff, Callari and Roberts 1982;1984;Amariglio and Callari 1989;Garnett 1995;Callari, Roberts and Wolff 1998;Roberts, 1996;1997;and Kristjanson-Gural 2003;2005. 8.…”

“…See Roberts 1997. 13. See Roberts 2004 and2005;Kristjanson-Gural 2003 and2005. 14. Roberts 2004, p. 126. that it is possible to apply Marx's analysis of the effect of demand on the determination of market-value in Chapter 10 of Capital, Volume III, to the category of price of production.…”