Deltoid versus gluteal: Which intramuscular injection site do mental health patients prefer?

Taylor, Mark

doi:10.1177/0004867420963737

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although the gluteal region is the preferred site for administering depot antipsychotics, the deltoid area is less intrusive for patients; hence, this may influence patient acceptability and compliance. 21,[32][33][34]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review of Their Non-Systemic Adverse Effect Profile

Zolezzi¹,

Abouelhassan²,

Eltorki³

et al. 2021

NDT

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Introduction Long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia to improve adherence and clinical outcomes. Concerns have been reported in relation to their non-systemic or injection site adverse effect profile. As such, this study aims to review and evaluate all evidence reporting injection site adverse effects with LAI antipsychotics. Methods An electronic search was systematically conducted through four databases (PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane) in order to identify studies investigating injection-site reactions associated with LAI antipsychotics. Unpublished studies such as conference proceedings and clinical trial registries were also searched. The search was limited to literature published in English without year limits. Results Of a total of 189 citations that were identified from the electronic database search, 12 were selected for inclusion in this review. Various injection site reactions were reported in these studies, including pain, bleeding, and swelling. Overall, the studies reported a low incidence of these injection site reactions. Only a minority of the included articles compared injection site reactions between different LAI antipsychotics. Conclusion Injection site pain was the most commonly reported injection site adverse effect across all articles reviewed. The low incidence of injection site adverse effects associated with LAI antipsychotics indicates that these formulations appear to be well tolerated by patients. More head-to-head trials comparing second generation LAI antipsychotics are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review of Their Non-Systemic Adverse Effect Profile

Zolezzi¹,

Abouelhassan²,

Eltorki³

et al. 2021

NDT

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“…Eighteen papers were eligible for inclusion and exclusion based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria but were eliminated after reviewers screened them for irrelevant data that was outside the scope of the current review. They are namely Wempe 1961 [ 5 ], Taylor 2021 [ 6 ], and Micallef et al 2020 [ 7 ]. Figure 2 shows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart, which shows the step-by-step literature search and consideration/rejection procedure.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deltoid Intramuscular Injections: A Systematic Review of Underlying Neurovascular Structures to the Muscle and Proposing a Relatively Safer Site

Charmode¹,

Sharma²,

Kushwaha³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The deltoid is the preferred site for intramuscular injection (IMI) because of its easy accessibility for drug and vaccine administration. Government immunization advisories, standard anatomy textbooks, and researchers have proposed various injection techniques and sites, but specific guidelines are lacking for the administration of IMIs in the increasingly used deltoid site. This study analyzes the procedures of administering IMIs in the deltoid related to the neurovascular network underlying the muscle and proposes a preferred site with the least chance of injury. The review protocol was submitted with PROSPERO (ID: 319251). PubMed, Google Scholar, and Websites of National Public Health Agencies were searched from 1950 up to 2022 for articles, advisories, and National Immunization Guidelines using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, including IMIs, deltoid muscle, safe injection sites, to identify recommendations for safer sites and techniques of administering deltoid IMIs. All the authors strictly adhered to a well-developed registered review protocol throughout the study and followed the risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS) guidance tool. The proposed sites and landmark data were tabulated, and each site was analyzed based on the underlying neurovascular structures. Data were depicted by self-generated images. The initial search identified 174 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 articles were shortlisted. Out of the 39 selected articles, 18 focused on the administration of deltoid IMIs, whereas seven focused on the variations in the underlying neurovascular structures in proximity to the deltoid muscle. The remaining 14 articles were the immunization guides issued by the National Public Health Agencies of the Government of India and abroad, whose data was used for comparison. Twelve deltoid IMI sites and techniques were identified. A site 1-3 fingerbreadths/5 cm below the mid-acromion point (7 studies); mid-deltoid site/densest part of the deltoid (1 study); a site at the middle third of the deltoid muscle (1 study); triangular injection site (1 study). Limitations included the unavailability of free access to complete text in many articles resulting in exclusion. The area around the shoulder joint and up to the lower level of the intertubercular sulcus is highly vascularized by the presence of many anomalous arterial patterns. To avoid injury, a safer site is proposed of 5 fingerbreadths/10 cm below the midpoint of the lateral border of the acromion. The authors received no specific funding for this study except for the journal publication charges.

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Intramuscular, extended-release naltrexone inadvertently administered in the deltoid muscle: A case report

Deaney¹,

Terasaki²

2023

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

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Deltoid versus gluteal: Which intramuscular injection site do mental health patients prefer?

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review of Their Non-Systemic Adverse Effect Profile

Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review of Their Non-Systemic Adverse Effect Profile

Deltoid Intramuscular Injections: A Systematic Review of Underlying Neurovascular Structures to the Muscle and Proposing a Relatively Safer Site

Intramuscular, extended-release naltrexone inadvertently administered in the deltoid muscle: A case report

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