Deltas south of the Bosphorus Strait record persistent Black Sea outflow to the Marmara Sea since ∼10 ka

Hiscott, R.N.; Aksu, A.E.; Yaşar, Doğan; Kaminski, Michael A.; Mudie, Petra J.; Kostylev, V E; MacDonald, JC; Isler, FI; Lord, AR

doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(02)00344-4

Cited by 96 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A one-way outfl ow from the Black Sea most likely operated during the late glacial due to the glacier melt waters. Such a continuous Black Sea outfl ow hypothesis during the late glacial and early Holocene is supported by our study as well as by some previous studies (Degens and Ross 1974;Lane-Serff et al 1997;Aksu et al, 2002c;Hiscott et al, 2002). However, some other researchers have argued an evaporative drawdown of the Black Sea level during the late-glacial period (Ryan et al, 1997;Ballard et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It was the result that the depth of the T1 terrace was controlled by the depth of the Çanakkale Strait. However, when the previous studies were examined, it was observed that the depth of the Çanakkale Strait varied between -65 m and -85 m (Smith et al, 1995;Ryan et al, 1997;Hiscott et al, 2002Hiscott et al, , 2008Yaltırak et al, 2002;Aksu et al, 2002c;Polonia et al, 2004;Major et al, 2006;Gökaşan et al, 2008;Eriş et al, 2007Eriş et al, , 2008McHugh et al, 2008;Çağatay et al, 2000, 2003, 2009. It has been reported by Çağatay et al (2000) that the Marmara basin was last inundated by Aegean waters around 12 Cal kyr BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Various scenarios have been proposed for the modes and periods of the connections e.g., Ryan et al (1997); Gökaşan et al (1997); Görür et al (2001); Aksu et al (2002a, b and c); Kaminski et al (2002); Myers et al (2003); Polonia et al (2004); Major et al (2006); Hiscott et al (2002Hiscott et al ( , 2007Hiscott et al ( and 2008 ;Meriç and Algan (2007); Eriş et al (2007 and ;Martin et al (2007); McHugh et al (2007); Çağatay et al (2000, 2003,2009, 2015). Myers et al (2003) examined the catastrophic fl ood hypothesis through the İstanbul Strait proposed by Ryan et al (2003) by means of a series of simple hydraulic calculations to investigate some of the questions associated with the Holocene reconnection of the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea through the Turkish Straits System.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Ediger¹,

Demirbağ²,

Ergintav³

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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Semi enclosed Marmara Sea is a passage between the Aegean Sea (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) and the Black Sea. The Marmara Sea is connected to the Black Sea and Aegean Sea through the İstanbul Strait (Bosphorus) and Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles), respectively. Despite the fact that the late Pleistocene-Holocene connections between the seas have been explored by many scientists, there are still uncertainties about the nature and timing of the connections. Within the scope of this study, a new approach has been displayed for post-glacial connections between the Black Sea, Marmara Sea and Aegean Sea. This study is based on 80 shallow seismic refl ection lines, multibeam bathymetric data and 15 short gravity cores collected from the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea (between Silivri and Golden Horn). The sea bottom and sub-bottom morphology have a highly chaotic structure at the exit of the Büyükçekmece/Küçükçekmece lagoons and further east near the Marmara-İstanbul Strait junction. This chaotic bottom and sub-bottom surface morphologies are mainly controlled by the structure of the basin, current regime of the shelf, coastal drainage systems and by the sea/lake water level changes controlled by climate and the sill depths of the two straits, which in turn determined the water exchange between the seas. The sedimentological interpretation of the seismic refl ection profi les and core sediments have allowed us to distinguish fi ve stratigraphic units (S1-S5) and four sedimentary layers (A-D) over the acoustic basement. The lower stratigraphic unit and sedimentary layer are separated from the overlying acoustic basement by a chaotic to parallel and by a high amplitude seismic refl ector. Seaward dipping units of the acoustic basement are inferred to be the seaward continuation of the Oligocene-Upper Miocene units widely exposed on land. The presence of three different marine terraces distinguished (T1-T3) along the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea have been associated with the six different curves of the post-glacial sea-level changes. From statistical point of view, the most signifi cant terraces occur from -78 m to -80 m (T1), -58 m to -62 m (T2) and -28 m to -32 m at (T3). Considering the global sea level curves, these terraces can be dated 9.25, 12.25 and 13.75 Cal kyr BP, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Ediger¹,

Demirbağ²,

Ergintav³

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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“…No significant freshwater input to the Nordic seas occurs after the onset of the Bølling (Jones & Keigwin, 1988;Koc & Jansen, 1994;Lehman et al, 1991), with the possible exception of a light 18 O event associated with the drainage of the Baltic ice lake (Lehman & Keigwin, 1992), which would not have affected drainage to the Black Sea. Meltwater thus cannot be called on as a mechanism to bring the Black Sea to its spill point later on, to deliver continuous downstream delivery of freshwater to Marmara and the Aegean throughout the deglacial and post-glacial phases, as some authors have suggested (Stanley & Blanpied, 1980;Lane-Serff et al, 1997;Aksu et al, 1999Aksu et al, , 2002Hiscott et al, 2002).…”

Section: Climatologically-controlled Changes After the Bølling Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The co-evolution of Black Sea level and composition through the last deglaciation and its paleoclimatic significance

Major

Goldstein

Ryan

et al. 2006

Quaternary Science Reviews

175

187

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The strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonate shells are a measure of the water delivered to the Black Sea lake since the last glacial maximum. Commencing at ~18 ka BP cal with the arrival of substantial meltwater from the Alpine and northern European ice sheets and overflow via the Caspian Sea from the disintegrating Siberian ice cover, the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio rose rapidly from a glacial minima around 0.7087 to reach a set of peaks near 0.7091 in layers of conspicuous reddish-brown clay with a mineralogy of Eurasian provenance. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio oscillates between high in the red-brown layers to low in interbedded gray clays with glacial era mineralogy, indicative that the meltwater came in pulses. On the other hand, the rise of the 18 O ratio from glacial low values of -7 per mil was delayed until15.2 ka BP cal, after the last meltwater pulse. Sr composition shifted to that of the global ocean and remained there to the present. Since lake water is significantly depleted in strontium relative to seawater, any earlier leakage from the Mediterranean should have left a corresponding signal.

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“…Furthermore, in order to characterise the exchanges between the Mediterranean-Marmara-Black Seas during the last 30 ka, in particular during the early Holocene, a multiproxy approach has documented outflow phases of the Black Sea (e.g. Aksu et al, 2002;Hiscott et al, 2002Hiscott et al, , 2006). …”

Section: Dinocysts In the Caspian Sea And Neighbouring Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

River inflow and salinity changes in the Caspian Sea during the last 5500 years

Leroy

Marret

Gibert

et al. 2007

Quaternary Science Reviews

116

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Pollen, spores and dinoflagellate cysts have been analysed on three sediment cores (1.8 to 1.4 m-long) taken from the south and middle basins of the Caspian Sea. A chronology available for one of the cores is based on calibrated radiocarbon dates (ca 5.5-0.8 cal. ka BP). The pollen and spores assemblages indicate fluctuations between steppe and desert. In addition there are some outstanding zones with a bias introduced by strong river inflow. The dinocyst assemblages change between slightly brackish (abundance of Pyxidinopsis psilata and Spiniferites cruciformis) and more brackish (dominance of Impagidinium caspienense) conditions. During the second part of the Holocene, important flow modifications of the Uzboy River and the Volga River as well as salinity changes of the Caspian Sea, causing sea-level fluctuations, have been reconstructed. A major change is suggested at ca 4 cal. ka BP with the end of a high level phase in the south basin. Amongst other hypotheses, this could be caused by the end of a late and abundant flow of the Uzboy River (now defunct), carrying to the Caspian Sea either meltwater from higher latitudes or water from the Amu-Daria. A similar, later clear phase of water inflow has also been observed from 2.1 to 1.7 cal. ka BP in the south basin and probably also in the north of the middle basin.

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Deltas south of the Bosphorus Strait record persistent Black Sea outflow to the Marmara Sea since ∼10 ka

Cited by 96 publications

References 27 publications

Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

The co-evolution of Black Sea level and composition through the last deglaciation and its paleoclimatic significance

River inflow and salinity changes in the Caspian Sea during the last 5500 years

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