Delta-Sigma Data Converters

Temes, Gábor C.

doi:10.1109/9780470544358

Cited by 834 publications

(349 citation statements)

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“…the power integrated over frequency) remains the same. Noise shaping is found in engineering devices such as Josephson junctions and sigma-delta modulators (Wiesenfeld and Satija 1987;Norsworthy et al 1997;Yacomotti et al 1999) and has been proposed to be used by the brain as a mechanism to deal with noise (Shin 1993;Shin 2001). Further, a modeling study has shown that a network of neurons coupled with inhibition could display noise shaping (Maar et al 1999).…”

Section: Neural Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonrenewal spike train statistics: causes and functional consequences on neural coding

Ávila-Ǻkerberg

Chacron

2011

Exp Brain Res

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Many neurons display significant patterning in their spike trains (e.g. oscillations, bursting), and there is accumulating evidence that information is contained in these patterns. In many cases, this patterning is caused by intrinsic mechanisms rather than external signals. In this review, we focus on spiking activity that displays nonrenewal statistics (i.e. memory that persists from one firing to the next). Such statistics are seen in both peripheral and central neurons and appear to be ubiquitous in the CNS. We review the principal mechanisms that can give rise to nonrenewal spike train statistics. These are separated into intrinsic mechanisms such as relative refractoriness and network mechanisms such as coupling with delayed inhibitory feedback. Next, we focus on the functional roles for nonrenewal spike train statistics. These can either increase or decrease information transmission. We also focus on how such statistics can give rise to an optimal integration timescale at which spike train variability is minimal and how this might be exploited by sensory systems to maximize the detection of weak signals. We finish by pointing out some interesting future directions for research in this area. In particular, we explore the interesting possibility that synaptic dynamics might be matched with the nonrenewal spiking statistics of presynaptic spike trains in order to further improve information transmission.

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Section: Neural Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonrenewal spike train statistics: causes and functional consequences on neural coding

Ávila-Ǻkerberg

Chacron

2011

Exp Brain Res

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“…The measured SNDR in this case is 45.7 dB in the same bandwidth, which is equivalent to 7.30-ENOB resolution. Higher-order distortions in the FFT spectrum (peaks 1, 2, and 3) originate from quantization-noise limit-cycle oscillations, which are common in low-order delta-sigma modulators [120]. The SNR of the RF spectrum (45.8 dB) indicates an equivalent timing jitter of 20 fs in the sampling process, which is significantly higher than the jitter of the mode-locked laser measured independently [20].…”

Section: Subsampling Photonic Adcmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This is achieved by applying the modulated pulse train (signal c) to photodiodes that are reverse biased by an on-chip current source, and by storing the resulting signal-dependent photocurrent in a capacitor. The differential photodiode output also serves as the input stage to the continuous-time delta-sigma modulator [120], which leverages oversampling and quantization noise shaping in order to achieve high-resolution digitization of narrowband signals. As illustrated in the inset (part d), the noise shaping of the delta-sigma modulator enables a higher SNR in the narrow frequency band of interest.…”

Section: Subsampling Photonic Adcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics

Kim

Kärtner

2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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We review our recent progress toward attosecondprecision ultrafast photonics based on ultra-low timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode-locked lasers. In femtosecond mode-locked lasers, the concentration of a large number of photons in an extremely short pulse duration enables the scaling of timing jitter into the attosecond regime. To characterize such jitter levels, we developed new attosecond-resolution measurement techniques and show that standard fiber lasers can achieve sub-fs high-frequency jitter. By leveraging the ultralow jitter of free-running mode-locked lasers, we pursued highprecision optical-optical and optical-microwave synchronization techniques. Optical signals spanning 1.5 octaves were synthesized by attosecond-precision timing and phase synchronization of two independent mode-locked lasers. High-stability microwave signals were also synthesized from mode-locked lasers with drift-free sub-10-fs precision. We further demonstrated the attosecond-precision distribution of optical pulse trains to remote locations via timing-stabilized fiber links. Finally, the application of optical pulse trains for high-resolution sampling and analog-to-digital conversion is discussed.The ultra-low timing jitter of optical pulse trains from femtosecond mode-locked lasers can be used for the attosecond-precision generation, distribution, measurement, and synchronization of optical and microwave signals.

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“…To determine the inter-stage gain analytically, consider the maximum input into the second-stage of the 0-MASH which is given by (4) where is a constant ranging from 50% to 80% [11] and depends on the loop order and the number of bits in the quantizer . Next, assuming is not saturated, the output of the first stage amplified by the inter-stage gain is (5) The maximum value of under the non-saturation condition is one LSB as shown in Fig.…”

Section: -Mash Modulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the opamp in the first integrator suffers from low open-loop gain , the transfer function of the integrator is modified as follows [15]: (10) where is a gain error, is a phase error, and is the integrator feedback factor. The STF of the thirdorder feedback modulator is modified to (11) Therefore, the digital filter must be modified to match the STF in order to achieve cancellation of the quantization noise from . Fortunately, as we will see in Section IV, the analog specifications such as opamp gain and bandwidth as well as coefficient matching are quite reasonable for a 12-bit 0-3 MASH topology without the need of digital calibration.…”

Section: Practical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 12-bit 3.125-MHz bandwidth 0-3 MASH delta-sigma modulator

Gharbiya

Johns

2008

ESSCIRC 2008 - 34th European Solid-State Circuits Conference

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Abstract-We demonstrate a 12-bit 0-3 MASH delta-sigma modulator with a 3.125 MHz bandwidth in a 0.18 m CMOS technology. The modulator has an oversampling ratio of 8 (clock frequency of 50 MHz) and achieves a peak SNDR of 73.9 dB (77.2 dB peak SNR) and consumes 24 mW from a 1.8 V supply. For comparison purposes, the modulator can be re-configured as a single-loop topology where a peak SNDR of 64.5 dB (66.3 dB peak SNR) is obtained with 22 mW power consumption. The energy required per conversion step for the 0-3 MASH architecture (0.95 pJ/step) is less than half of that required by the feedback topology (2.57 pJ/step).

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Delta-Sigma Data Converters

Cited by 834 publications

References 0 publications

Nonrenewal spike train statistics: causes and functional consequences on neural coding

Nonrenewal spike train statistics: causes and functional consequences on neural coding

Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics

A 12-bit 3.125-MHz bandwidth 0-3 MASH delta-sigma modulator

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