Deloading Power Coordinated Distribution Method for Frequency Regulation by Wind Farms Considering Wind Speed Differences

Zhang, Xu; Chen, Yunlong; Wang, Yixian; Zha, Xiaobing; Yue, Shuai; Cheng, Xinbin; Gao, Lei

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2938596

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Instead of maximum power point tracking, the deloading control of a wind turbine can be implemented to secure the reserve capacity for AC grid frequency control [43]. The major methods for the deloading control are rotor overspeed control and pitch-angle control [43], [44].…”

Section: B Deloading Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Deloaded Wind Power in Hybrid AC/HVDC Systems by Frequency Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow

Kim

2023

IEEE Access

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This paper investigates the relationship between the frequency support by voltage-source converter based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) systems and the deloaded wind power operation considering the frequency stability constraints. The frequency stability is incorporated as additional constraints in the optimal power flow (OPF) analysis. The reserve capacity of the wind power plants should be provided for frequency support, which requires wind power output suppression during the steady-state. On the contrary, this wind output curtailment is unnecessary if the frequency stability constraints can be satisfied by the fast frequency controller of the VSC-HVDC system. The optimal wind power deload ratio can be determined by the OPF calculation. A hybrid AC/VSC-HVDC system model is designed based on the IEEE 39-bus system. The inertia emulation control (IEC) method is applied to the slack converter for the primary frequency support. Sensitivity analysis on the frequency stability constraints, and the capacities of wind power plants and HVDC systems are carried out. It is validated that the primary frequency support of VSC-HVDC systems can reduce the wind power output suppression.INDEX TERMS Deloaded wind power, frequency stability constraint, HVDC, inertia emulation control, optimal power flow, primary frequency support

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Section: B Deloading Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Deloaded Wind Power in Hybrid AC/HVDC Systems by Frequency Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow

Kim

2023

IEEE Access

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“…With the increasing penetrance of wind power in power system, it is significant to improve the control performance of the wind farm (WF) to meet requirement of grid code accurately [2]. Some control methods are used in WF to provide auxiliary services, such as frequency and voltage regulation of power system while tracking the dispatch command from the transmission system operator (TSO) [3,4]. Besides, for a modern WF, some special control targets are set to ensure secure operation among the wind turbines (WTs) inside WF, such as tracking the dispatching command, WT terminal voltage security, maintenance cost, calculation burden of controller etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed coordinated control method with multiple objectives optimization algorithm for wind farms

Bai

Feng

Huang

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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This paper proposes a distributed coordinated control (DCC) method. The DCC method concentrates on improving the performances of fatigue load minimization and voltage regulation of WFs. The active and reactive power outputs of the wind turbines (WTs) inside WFs are coordinated while the power flow of WF collection system and capacity of each WT are considered by using DistFlow model. With the consensus ADMM-based framework, the WTs inside the WF are operated in fully distributed manner while meeting the requirement of the dispatch command of the transmission system operator (TSO). The WF can track the dispatch command from the TSO accurately without the coordination of central unit. Moreover, it is more scalable and lower computation-burden than conventional centralized optimal control. A wind farm consisting of 20 WTs is used in case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

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“…Similarly to PV power plants, VSWTs can also provide frequency response using the de-loading technique. In this case, it is performed by pitching the blades or over-speeding the rotor [18]. De-loading strategies imply a reduction of the electrical power generated (both for PV and VSWTs) and, subsequently, a considerable decrease in the benefits for their owners [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Wind–PV Frequency Control Strategy under Variable Weather Conditions in Isolated Power Systems

et al. 2020

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Over the last two decades, variable renewable energy technologies (i.e., variable-speed wind turbines (VSWTs) and photovoltaic (PV) power plants) have gradually replaced conventional generation units. However, these renewable generators are connected to the grid through power converters decoupled from the grid and do not provide any rotational inertia, subsequently decreasing the overall power system’s inertia. Moreover, the variable and stochastic nature of wind speed and solar irradiation may lead to large frequency deviations, especially in isolated power systems. This paper proposes a hybrid wind–PV frequency control strategy for isolated power systems with high renewable energy source integration under variable weather conditions. A new PV controller monitoring the VSWTs’ rotational speed deviation is presented in order to modify the PV-generated power accordingly and improve the rotational speed deviations of VSWTs. The power systems modeled include thermal, hydro-power, VSWT, and PV power plants, with generation mixes in line with future European scenarios. The hybrid wind–PV strategy is compared to three other frequency strategies already presented in the specific literature, and gets better results in terms of frequency deviation (reducing the mean squared error between 20% and 95%). Additionally, the rotational speed deviation of VSWTs is also reduced with the proposed approach, providing the same mean squared error as the case in which VSWTs do not participate in frequency control. However, this hybrid strategy requires up to a 30% reduction in the PV-generated energy. Extensive detailing of results and discussion can be also found in the paper.

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Deloading Power Coordinated Distribution Method for Frequency Regulation by Wind Farms Considering Wind Speed Differences

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of Deloaded Wind Power in Hybrid AC/HVDC Systems by Frequency Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow

Analysis of Deloaded Wind Power in Hybrid AC/HVDC Systems by Frequency Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow

Distributed coordinated control method with multiple objectives optimization algorithm for wind farms

Hybrid Wind–PV Frequency Control Strategy under Variable Weather Conditions in Isolated Power Systems

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