Delivery of Foreign Materials into Adherent Cells by Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation

Abstract

Delivering extracellular materials into adherent cells presents several challenges. A homemade photoporation platform, mediated by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), was constructed to find a suitable method for finding all adherent cells in this process with high delivery efficiency. The thermal dynamics of AuNPs could be monitored. Based on this system, 60 nm AuNPs were selected to be attached to cells for optimal photoporation. After irradiating the cells covered with AuNPs using a nanosecond pulse laser, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran in the medium were delivered into optoporated adherent HeLa (human cervical cell lines) cells. The delivery efficiency and cell viability of this process were evaluated using a fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The experimental results showed that targeting cells using antibodies, laser irradiation from the top of the cell culture well, and reducing the cell medium are important for improving the delivery efficiency. The optimal loading efficiency for adherent HeLa cells was 53.4%.

A mini-review on gene delivery technique using nanoparticles-mediated photoporation induced by nanosecond pulsed laser

“…Molecular weight of foreign substances is another factor. Several researches showed that the delivery efficiency decreased with increasing molecular weight of foreign materials (Xiong et al., 2016 ; Raes et al., 2019 ; Liu et al., 2020 ; Du et al., 2021 ). This phenomenon could attribute to diffusion velocity (Liu et al., 2020 ).…”

Microfluidic device-fabricated spiky nano-burflower shape gold nanomaterials facilitate large biomolecule delivery into cells using infrared light pulses

“…23 So far, gold NP (AuNP)-sensitised photoporation has been studied extensively (Table S2†). 4,24–27 The majority of the studies used spherical AuNPs of size varying from 30–250 nm with a plasmonic peak located at ∼530 nm for intracellular delivery, and laser exposure was performed at varying wavelengths: 532 nm, 28,29 800 nm (ref. 26, 30 and 31) and 1064 nm.…”