Delineation of site, relative size and dynamic geometry of atrial septal defects by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

Abstract

Dynamic three-dimensional imaging could be applied to the specific evaluation of atrial septal defects. Unique views of the heart allowed for spatial comprehension of the defects, rendering potentially important clinical information.

Influence of atrial septal defect anatomy in patient selection and assessment of closure with the Cardioseal device. A three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic reconstruction

“…Two-dimensional echocardiography can cut the defect in different planes but does not reflect its true shape. Three-dimensional echocardiography mimics the atriotomy view on a beating heart and allows the atrial septal defect to be described through the cardiac cycle [13,15] . One of our most striking findings was the great variability of the shape of the atrial septal defects.…”

“…Previous studies have shown the feasability of three-dimensional echocardiography reconstructions of atrial septal defects [12,13] . New information by means of the cardiac cycle with three-dimensional echocardiography, regarding the shape of the defect and the surface area have recently been reported [14] .…”

Beating Atrial Septal Defect Closure Monitored by Epicardial Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass

“…This new methodology makes it possible to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on heart disorders. 30 Acar et al recently reported 3D echocardiographic techniques to monitor aortic valve balloon dilatation 8 and have imaged percatheter ASD closure before and after implantation. 9 In addition, Cao et al 31 demonstrated the usefulness of 2D and 3D transesophageal echocardiography in patient selection and transcatheter closure of multiple ASDs.…”

Successful Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Patient with a Left Atrial Myxoma.

“…3) Because these images can display the heart as a dynamic structure, as opposed to the empty, non-beating heart observed by other modalities, this technique offers more clinical realism. Specifically, the dynamic images display the structural morphology 2,4,5) of the heart and the dynamic geometry of various lesions. 6,7) However, this echocardiography may pose potential problems.…”