Delineating Beach and Dune Morphology from Massive Terrestrial Laser-Scanning Data Using
            <i>Generic Mapping Tools</i>

Zhou, Xin; Wang, Guoquan; Bao, Yan; Xiong, Lin; Guzman, Veronica; Kearns, Timothy J.

doi:10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000223

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…There has been a conscious need for a consistent and stable reference frame in the GOM region since the early 2000s due to the rapid increase of publicly available GNSS data for the research community as well as the broad extent of land subsidence within the GOM region. During the past two decades, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), light detection and range (LiDAR), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry techniques have also been frequently employed for mapping land subsidence, faulting, and coastal erosion within the GOM region [8,[26][27][28][29][30]. Applications of remote sensing techniques further prompted the need for a unified reference frame to align measurements from different remote sensing systems.…”

Section: Realization Of Gom20mentioning

confidence: 99%

GOM20: A Stable Geodetic Reference Frame for Subsidence, Faulting, and Sea-Level Rise Studies along the Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2020

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We have established a stable regional geodetic reference frame using long-history (13.5 years on average) observations from 55 continuously operated Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The regional reference frame, designated as GOM20, is aligned in origin and scale with the International GNSS Reference Frame 2014 (IGS14). The primary product from this study is the seven-parameters for transforming the Earth-Centered-Earth-Fixed (ECEF) Cartesian coordinates from IGS14 to GOM20. The frame stability of GOM20 is approximately 0.3 mm/year in the horizontal directions and 0.5 mm/year in the vertical direction. The regional reference frame can be confidently used for the time window from the 1990s to 2030 without causing positional errors larger than the accuracy of 24-h static GNSS measurements. Applications of GOM20 in delineating rapid urban subsidence, coastal subsidence and faulting, and sea-level rise are demonstrated in this article. According to this study, subsidence faster than 2 cm/year is ongoing in several major cities in central Mexico, with the most rapid subsidence reaching to 27 cm/year in Mexico City; a large portion of the Texas and Louisiana coasts are subsiding at 3 to 6.5 mm/year; the average sea-level-rise rate (with respect to GOM20) along the Gulf coast is 2.6 mm/year with a 95% confidence interval of ±1 mm/year during the past five decades. GOM20 provides a consistent platform to integrate ground deformational observations from different remote sensing techniques (e.g., GPS, InSAR, LiDAR, UAV-Photogrammetry) and ground surveys (e.g., tide gauge, leveling surveying) into a unified geodetic reference frame and enables multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research.

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Section: Realization Of Gom20mentioning

confidence: 99%

GOM20: A Stable Geodetic Reference Frame for Subsidence, Faulting, and Sea-Level Rise Studies along the Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, the original coordinate (x, y, z) of this point is reserved. Second, a "surface" method in the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software package is employed to produce a continuous and smoothed surface [34,35]. Third, an anti-aliasing filter in a frequency domain is applied to filter the initial DEM.…”

Section: Difference Of Dems (Ddem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the establishment and surveying of ground control points are often costly and time-consuming. TLS surveying has become more and more efficient and cost-effective with the development of advanced scanners, rapid field surveying and direct georeferencing methods, and automated point cloud classification (e.g., [35,[42][43][44]). In general, TLS measurements can achieve a similar positional accuracy when compared to conventional ground control targets positioned by static GNSS.…”

Section: Evaluating the Vertical Accuracy Of Als Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Detectability of Repeated Airborne Laser Scanning for Mountain Landslide Monitoring

et al. 2018

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Multi-temporal airborne laser scanning (ALS) surveys have become a prime consideration for detecting landslide movements and evaluating landslide risk in mountain areas. The minimum elevation change (or detectability) that can be detected by repeated ALS surveys has become a critical threshold for landslide researchers and engineers to decide if ALS is a capable tool for detecting targeted landslides and arranging the minimum time span between two scans if ALS is a choice. The National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) at the University of Houston conducted three repeated ALS surveys at the Slumgullion landslide site in Colorado, U.S. over one week in July of 2015. These repeated ALS surveys provide valuable datasets for evaluating the vertical detectability of multi-temporal ALS surveys in a typical mountain area. According to this study, the difference of digital elevation models (DDEM) derived from ALS has the ability of detecting a minimum elevation change of 5 cm over flatter and moderately rugged terrain areas (slope < 20 degrees) and a minimum of a 10-cm elevation change over rugged terrain areas (20 degrees < slope < 40 degrees). However, the DDEM values over highly rugged terrain areas (slope > 40 degrees), such as cliff and landslide scarps, should be interpolated with caution. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) surveys were also performed at the middle portion of the landslide area for assessing the accuracy of ALS datasets. The accuracy of ALS varies from approximately one decimeter (~10 cm) to one foot (~30 cm) depending on the roughness of terrain surface and vegetation coverage (point density). The detectability and accuracy estimates of ALS measurements obtained from the case study could be used as a reference for estimating the performance of modern ALS in mountain areas with similar topography and vegetation coverage.

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“…As a consequence, conventional TLS surveys require numerous tripods, reflectors, GPS units, and significant manpower in the field for point clouds registration and georeferencing. For our previous TLS survey projects at the Freeport beach area [17] and the Puerto Rico landslide site [2,18], approximately ten reflectors and five GPS units were used in the field. High-resolution and high-accuracy TLS surveys can be time consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method for Coastal Erosion Studies: A Case Study at Freeport, Texas, USA

Xiong

Wang

Bao

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has become a powerful data acquisition technique for high-resolution high-accuracy topographic and morphological studies. Conventional static TLS surveys require setting up numerous reflectors (tie points) in the field for point clouds registration and georeferencing. To reduce surveying time and simplify field operational tasks, we have developed a rapid TLS surveying method that requires only one reflector in the field. The method allows direct georeferencing of point clouds from individual scans to an East–North–Height (ENH) coordinate system tied to a stable geodetic reference frame. TLS datasets collected at a segment of the beach–dune–wetland area in Freeport, Texas, USA are used to evaluate the performance of the rapid surveying method by comparing with kinematic GPS measurements. The rapid surveying method uses two GPS units mounted on the scanner and a reflector for calculating the northing angle of the scanner’s own coordinate system (SOCS). The Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) is recommended for GPS data processing. According to this study, OPUS Rapid-Static (OPUS-RS) solutions retain 1–2 cm root mean square (RMS) accuracy in the horizontal directions and 2–3 cm accuracy in the vertical direction for static observational sessions of approximately 30 min in the coastal region of Texas, USA. The rapid TLS surveys can achieve an elevation accuracy (RMS) of approximately 3–5 cm for georeferenced points and 2–3 cm for digital elevation models (DEMs). The elevation errors superimposed into the TLS surveying points roughly fit a normal distribution. The proposed TLS surveying method is particularly useful for morphological mapping over time in coastal regions, where strong wind and soft sand prohibit reflectors from remaining strictly stable for a long period. The theories and results presented in this paper are beneficial to researchers who frequently utilize TLS datasets in their research, but do not have opportunities to be involved in field data acquisition.

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Delineating Beach and Dune Morphology from Massive Terrestrial Laser-Scanning Data Using Generic Mapping Tools

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

GOM20: A Stable Geodetic Reference Frame for Subsidence, Faulting, and Sea-Level Rise Studies along the Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

GOM20: A Stable Geodetic Reference Frame for Subsidence, Faulting, and Sea-Level Rise Studies along the Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

Detectability of Repeated Airborne Laser Scanning for Mountain Landslide Monitoring

A Rapid Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method for Coastal Erosion Studies: A Case Study at Freeport, Texas, USA

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