Delayed hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoid in man: in vivo and in vitro studies

Johnson, Christine A.; Walls, Ronald S.; Ruwoldt, A.

doi:10.3109/00313028309085161

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Direct cytotoxicity of antigen is excluded in our experiments by its lack of effect on cells from various controls. Further, we have found in our laboratory that LMI with tetanus toxoid correlates well with delayed hypersensitivity skin testing (6). We suggest, therefore, that the phenomenon indicates an immunologic response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…We used the leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) technique (2) to detect an immune response to brain tissue. LMI is claimed to be a reliable in vitro index of hypersensitivity (3,4,5), and this is borne out by our own experience with tetanus toxoid as an antigen (6). A LMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altogether, 27 patients with HD were tested with various (9) 0.96±0.14 0.99±0.14 (6) 0.95±0.12 0.91±0.10 (6) MI values in italics indicate hypersensitivity. * P < 0.001 compared with normal controls and with other neurologic disease controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypersensitivity to antigen derived from brain tissue in patients with Huntington's disease and in individuals at risk.

Walls¹,

Ruwoldt²

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. The Fractionation of brain tissue indicated that the material responsible for reactions in these patients differed from that in HD. The material that elicited hypersensitivity in HD was not species specific, since it was found in rat, calf, human, and rabbit brain. It was not present in rat kidney, liver, or heart. Preliminary characterization showed that the material was protein in nature, contained sugar and lipid, and was heat labile. The finding of hypersensitivity in about half the unaffected children of HD parents suggests that it may precede the clinical onset of disease and serve as a marker for the gene.

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confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypersensitivity to antigen derived from brain tissue in patients with Huntington's disease and in individuals at risk.

Walls¹,

Ruwoldt²

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The most common adverse reactions include local edema and tenderness, fever and anaphylactoid response [7]. It may also cause delayed hypersensitivity responses with leukocyte migration inhibition [8]. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reactions may occur, and the incidence of anaphylactic responses to TT immunization is as less as 0.001%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetanus Toxoid Induced Anaphylaxis

Das¹,

Mondal²

2012

J Vaccines Vaccin

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This case report highlights an anaphylaxis reaction induced by intramuscular tetanus toxoid (TT) injection in a 6 year old girl having the first time exposure to this drug. TT is a commonly used vaccine used for active immunization against Clostridium tetani and is included in the National Immunization Schedule of India. Although TT is a very safe vaccine, its adverse reactions include local edema, tenderness, fever and may rarely induce life-threatening anaphylactic response, the potential causative agents can be TT antigens, aluminum phosphate or thimerosal preservative. Before its intramuscular administration, cutaneous hypersensitivity testing should be done routinely and there should be provisions for emergency measures in cases of anaphylaxis.

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