Tetanus Toxoid Induced Anaphylaxis

Das, Saibal; Mondal, Somnath

doi:10.4172/2157-7560.1000126

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Out of 100 fully evaluated, 52 references were included in the analysis as per selection criteria. [ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 ] The flow diagram for the article selection is presented as Figure 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-induced anaphylactic reactions in Indian population: A systematic review

Patel¹,

Patel²,

Barvaliya³

et al. 2014

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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Background:Epidemiological data on drug-induced anaphylactic reactions are limited in India and are largely depending on studies from developed countries.Aim:The aim was to analyze the published studies of drug-induced anaphylaxis reported from India in relation with causative drugs and other clinical characteristics.Materials and Methods:The electronic databases were searched for Indian publications from 1998 to 2013 describing anaphylactic reactions. The information was collected for demographics, set up in which anaphylaxis occurred, causative drugs, incubation period, clinical features, associated allergic conditions, past reactions, co-morbid conditions, skin testing, IgE assays, therapeutic intervention and mortality. Reactions were analyzed for severity, causality, and preventability. Data were extracted and summarized by absolute numbers, mean (95% confidence interval [CI]), percentages and odds ratio (OR) (95% CI).Results:From 3839 retrieved references, 52 references describing 54 reactions were included. The mean age was 35.31 (95% CI: 30.52–40.10) years. Total female patients were 61.11%. Majority reactions were developed in perioperative conditions (53.70%), ward (20.37%) and home (11.11%). The major incriminated groups were antimicrobials (18.52%), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs-(NSAIDs) (12.96%) and neuromuscular blockers (12.96%). Common causative drugs were diclofenac (11.11%), atracurium (7.41%) and β-lactams (5.96%). Cardiovascular (98.15%) and respiratory (81.48%) symptoms dominated the presentation. Skin tests and IgE assays were performed in 37.03% and 18.52% cases, respectively. The fatal cases were associated with complications (OR =5.04; 95% CI: 1.41–17.92), cerebral hypoxic damage (OR =6.80; 95% CI: 2.14–21.58) and preventable reactions (OR =14.33; 95% CI: 2.33–87.97).Conclusion:Antimicrobials, NSAIDs, and neuromuscular blockers are common causative groups. The most fatal cases can be prevented by avoiding allergen drugs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-induced anaphylactic reactions in Indian population: A systematic review

Patel¹,

Patel²,

Barvaliya³

et al. 2014

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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“…Vaccine antigens are rarely the cause of hypersensitivity reaction in the vaccinated individual. They have been reported, however, particularly with tetanus toxoids [65], pneumococcal antigens [66] and hepatitis B [26][27]. In a recent study CRM (197) the non-toxic mutant form of diphtheria toxin) has been identified as an allergen that can elicit anaphylaxis reaction in patients immunized with PCV 13 [67].…”

Section: Hypersensitivity Reactions To Vaccine Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines

Sarti

Lezmi

Mori

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

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Information Classification: General Introduction: Many countries in Europe now recommend and enforce mandatory vaccinations to improve vaccination coverage. Thus, the number of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) may show an increase. Among these events, severe hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines are rare. However, it is important that they be identified and recognized so that they may be adequately managed. Areas covered:The literature search was undertaken through PubMed and Embase to identify English-language papers focusing on hypersensitivity to vaccines.Expert opinion: Hypersensitivity reactions following vaccinations are rare and are classified according to their chronology and extension: immediate when they occur within the first 4 hours following administration and non-immediate when they occur later. Local reactions are the most common adverse event following injection of vaccines and generally do not require any allergy workup. Immediate reactions, however, are potentially IgE-mediated and require an allergy workup.In general, a previously known food allergy (i.e. egg or milk) is not a contraindication to immunizations. Patients with a known allergy to gelatin, yeast, latex, antibiotics or other specific components of vaccines require an allergy workup before administration of the vaccine.

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“…Also rare but reported are anaphylaxis to meningococcal vaccines and the human papillomavirus vaccines (20). Anaphylaxis to the tetanus toxoid vaccine may be due to hypersensitivity to the tetanus toxoid antigens, aluminum phosphate, or thimerosal, if present (26). In cases of anaphylaxis suspected to be due to a vaccine, it is important to have close examination of the circumstances surrounding the reaction and possible evaluation by an allergist for further testing to determine specific ingredient allergy and further management.…”

Section: Hypersensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%