Delayed elimination communication on the prevalence of children's bladder and bowel dysfunction

Abstract

To determine the prevalence of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) and its relationship with delayed elimination communication (EC) in children. A cross-sectional study was carried out in kindergartens and primary schools in mainland China. A total of 10,166 children ranging from 4 to 10 years old were included. A total of 10,166 valid questionnaires were collected, and 409 children were diagnosed with BBD. The overall prevalence was 4.02% (409/10,166) and decreased with age, from 6.19% at age 4 to 1.96% at age 10. With the prolonged use of disposable diapers (DDs), the commencement of usage of EC in a child was significantly put off or delayed by parents, and the prevalence of BBD amongst these children increased (P < 0.001). The prevalence of BBD among children who stopped using DDs within the first 12 months and after more than 24 months was 2.79% and 4.38% respectively. Additionally, the prevalence among children who started EC within 12 months after birth and those who never engaged in EC was 1.36% and 15.71% respectively. Early introduction of EC and weaning of DD usage has a positive correlation with lower prevalence of BBD in children in China.

Effects of Early Toilet Training and Elimination Communication With Respect to Diaper Types

“…Our study based solely on reported experiences can give added value to previous findings focusing on pure clinical parameters, showing that at least early toilet training can reduce disorders in the urinary tract, throwbacks, and crying. 6-11 We found, very uniquely, an additional benefit that EC could lead to a more regular defecation rate, at least for infants between 1 and 2 years and same tendencies have been found in the age group 6 to 12 months without being significant. We assume that due to EC, infants are “trained” to fully clear their bowel and bladder as it has been reported in a cohort of early-toilet-trained infants, 21 leading to a lower defecation rate.…”

“…2,4,5 An early toilet training is associated with less disorders in the urinary tract, less incontinence, less bladder, and bowel dysfunctions, a shorter training phase and less throwbacks. [6][7][8][9][10] Infants who experienced EC cry less in particular during the first 8 weeks, 11 and it is assumed that colic symptoms are reduced due to the position in which infants are kept during defecation. 12 It has been found that infants do not relieve themselves during deep sleep, 13 allowing to practice EC even during night.…”

Delayed elimination communication is a crucial factor in disposable diaper dependence in Chinese preschool-aged children

“…The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that EC training should begin at age 18–24 months or later but also noted that initiating EC before 18 months is unlikely to do any damage ( 15 , 21 ). In China, many parents of infants traditionally practice “Baniao” (a Chinese term), described as lifting of the child in a semisquatting position with their thighs apart over the toilet or potty, similar to EC ( 22 ). Recent studies have shown that neural pathways related to bladder control exist after birth, and neonatal sleeping electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings show that bladder filling induces marked increases in cortical discharge, indicating that newborns and infants have advanced central involvement in urination ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Crianças Com Disfunção Vesical E Intestinal Atendidas Em Ambulatório De Enfermagem Especializado

“…Em termos epidemiológicos, um estudo com 441 crianças brasileiras de 9,1±2,7 anos identificou 11,6% das crianças com DVI, ao passo que 7,9% tinha apenas CIF e 31,5% apresentavam STUI (4). Estudo conduzido na China com crianças de quatro a 10 anos identificou uma prevalência de 4,02% de DVI e que os casos diminuem com o aumento da idade (de 6,19% aos quatro anos para 1,96% aos 10) (5) , o que aponta para uma maior tendência em crianças escolares mais jovens.…”