Delayed death following paraquat poisoning: three case reports and a literature review

Shadnia, Shahin; Ebadollahi-Natanzi, Alireza; Ahmadzadeh, Saeid; Karami‐Mohajeri, Somayyeh; Pourshojaei, Yaghoub; Rahimi, Hamid Reza

doi:10.1039/c8tx00120k

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Paraquat can cause neurological damage and dysfunctional kidneys and liver in humans and animals. In severe cases, fatalities can occur due to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, and respiratory failure (Blanco-Ayala et al, 2014; Shadnia et al, 2018). The paraquat toxicity mechanism is based on redox cycle and intercellular oxidative stress (Dinis-Oliveira et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraquat Degradation From Contaminated Environments: Current Achievements and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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Paraquat herbicide has served over five decades to control annual and perennial weeds. Despite agricultural benefits, its toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic environments raises serious concerns. Paraquat cannot rapidly degrade in the environment and is adsorbed in clay lattices that require urgent environmental remediation. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and bioaugmentation techniques have been developed for this purpose. Among various techniques, bioremediation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for pesticide-polluted soils. Though several paraquat-degrading microorganisms have been isolated and characterized, studies about degradation pathways, related functional enzymes and genes are indispensable. This review encircles paraquat removal from contaminated environments through adsorption, photocatalyst degradation, AOPs and microbial degradation. To provide in-depth knowledge, the potential role of paraquat degrading microorganisms in contaminated environments is described as well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraquat Degradation From Contaminated Environments: Current Achievements and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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“…The acute ingestion of 7-8 mL of PQ solution (20% concentration) without treatment can lead to death within a few days. [4,19] Consistent with the clinical manifestations, [20] a large animal lavage model involving doses of PQ above 100 mg/kg can lead to severe poisoning and rapidly affects vital signs within 24 hours. [21] In clinical practice, rapid and accurate detection of PQ levels in plasma and urine samples helps physicians to predict prognosis and choose treatment strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of gastric lavage efficiency and utility using a rapid quantitative method in a swine paraquat poisoning model

Jiang

Kang

Huang

et al. 2020

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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BACKGROUND: Gastric lavage (GL) is one of the most critical early therapies for acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning; however, details of the treatment protocol remain to be established. METHODS: A rapid quantitative method involving sodium dithionite testing was developed. It was validated for the determination of the PQ concentrations in gastric juice and eluate samples from a swine acute PQ poisoning model with early or delay GL, or without. The vital signs, laboratory testing, and PQ plasma concentrations were collected for therapeutic effect evaluation. RESULTS: The reaction conditions of the test were optimized for two types of samples. Early GL at one hour (H1) could improve the signs and symptoms after acute PQ poisoning at 24 hours (H24). In contrast, GL at 6 hours (H6) could only partially relieve the vital signs. The H1 GL group effectively reduced the peak of the plasma PQ concentration. In addition, the PQ concentrations in the plasma and the gastric juice were signifi cantly decreased in both the GL groups as compared to the untreated group at H24. Moreover, there was no signifi cant difference in the washing effi ciencies calculated from the total eluates between the two GL groups. However, the washing effi ciency of the fi rst 10 L eluate is superior to that of the additional 10 L eluate. CONCLUSION: GL only at early stage may it benefit PQ poisoning in an animal model. The currently used 20 L GL volume may need to be reduced in view of the low washing efficiency in the later 10 L eluate. The rapid quantitative method can be used for gastric juice sample and has a certain value for clinical GL practices.

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“…As a result, cases of human deaths from the toxic effects of PQ are not rare [2]. The mechanism of PQ lethal pneumo-and neurotoxicity suggests the accumulation in alveolar cells, neurons, and astroglia and the resulting oxidative stress events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lanostane Triterpenoid Metabolites from a Penares sp. Marine Sponge Protect Neuro-2a Cells against Paraquat Neurotoxicity

et al. 2020

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The results of an investigation of the protective effects of five lanostane triterpenoids: 3β-acetoxy-7β,8β-epoxy-5α-lanost-24-en-30,9α-olide (1), 3β-hydroxy-7β,8β-epoxy-5α-lanost-24-en- 30,9α-olide (2), 29-nor-penasterone (3), penasterone (4), and acetylpenasterol (5), from a marine sponge, Penares sp., against paraquat-induced neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cell damage, are described. The influence of all compounds on viability of the Neuro-2a cells treated with paraquat (PQ) was studied with MTT and fluorescein diacetate assays as well as propidium iodide straining. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the compounds as well as their influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential in PQ-treated neuronal cells were analyzed. Finally, the effect of the compounds on intracellular level of heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) and neurite outgrowth in PQ-treated Neuro-2a cells were studied. Studied triterpenoids demonstrated protective effects against PQ-induced neurotoxicity associated with the ability to reduce ROS intracellular level and diminish mitochondrial dysfunction. Acetylpenasterol (5), as a more promising neuroprotective compound, significantly increased the viability of Neuro-2a cells incubated with PQ as well as decreased intracellular ROS level in these cells. Moreover, acetylpenasterol induced Hsp70 expression in PQ-treated cells. It was also shown to inhibit PQ-induced neurite loss and recovered the number of neurite-bearing cells. The relationship between neuroprotective activity of the investigated compounds 1–5 and their chemical structure was also discussed.

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Delayed death following paraquat poisoning: three case reports and a literature review

Abstract: Paraquat (PQ) poisoning is the main medical problem in developing countries and it is spread out worldwide. A similar structure of PQ to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) caused PQ-induced neurotoxicity and injury to renal proximal tubules.

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

Paraquat Degradation From Contaminated Environments: Current Achievements and Perspectives

Paraquat Degradation From Contaminated Environments: Current Achievements and Perspectives

Evaluation of gastric lavage efficiency and utility using a rapid quantitative method in a swine paraquat poisoning model

Lanostane Triterpenoid Metabolites from a Penares sp. Marine Sponge Protect Neuro-2a Cells against Paraquat Neurotoxicity

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