Delay optimal opportunistic pipeline routing scheme for cognitive radio sensor networks

Liu, Anfeng; Chen, Wei; Liu, Xiao

doi:10.1177/1550147718772532

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…In their scheme, the whole path from the source to the destination is cut down into several smaller opportunistic route segments, where the packets are transmitted through multiple segments based on a step-by-step forwarding procedure until all the packets are delivered to the destination. A Liu et al 18 propose an opportunistic pipeline routing scheme that nodes employ high duty cycle in the area far from the sink and low duty cycle in the area near to the sink. It can achieve the balance of energy consumption and reduce the data transmission delay while not affecting network lifetime.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-aware routing for cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks

Wang

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2019

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks can solve the problem of limited spectrum resource and growing vehicular communication service demands in intelligent transportation systems, and thus, it receives much concern recently. In cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks, the high mobility of vehicles and the dynamic spectrum activity of cognitive radio make routing in such networks a great challenge. Some routing researches have been proposed in cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks with single-objective optimization and neglecting the nodes’ social behaviors which can improve the network performance. From this perspective, we propose a social-aware routing scheme for cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks, with the purpose of increasing the packet delivery ratio and decreasing the overhead ratio. First, we analyze the social centrality of primary users to offer an accuracy spectrum hole measurement. Moreover, we develop a social community partition algorithm to divide secondary users into intra-community and inter-community groups. Furthermore, considering the tradeoff between the packet delivery ratio and the overhead ratio, we adopt different replication policies and forwarding ranks in different community communication processes. In the intra-community communication process, we employ the single-copy policy and the contact duration rank. In the inter-community communication process, we utilize the optimized-binary-tree replication policy and the bridge coefficient rank. Simulation results show that our social-aware routing scheme achieves the higher package delivery ratio and the lower overhead ratio when compared with the existing cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks routing schemes and other standard routing schemes.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-aware routing for cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks

Wang

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2019

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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“…Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which are composed of inexpensive microprocessors, with the ability of wireless communication, computing, storage and sensing the surrounding environment [1,2,3,4,5], are emerging as promising platforms that enable a wide range of applications in numerous application areas such as smart cities [6], traffic monitoring [7], automation control in factories [8,9], monitoring public facilities, the environment, or weather [10,11,12,13], human health monitoring [14], wildlife protection, military applications and so on [15,16,17,18]. With the development of micro-processing technology, sensor nodes are becoming more and more powerful, while their volume is getting smaller and smaller, the price is getting lower and lower, and their application prospects are becoming more and more widespread [19,20,21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaption Broadcast Radius-Based Code Dissemination Scheme for Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks

Liu

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Due to the Software Defined Network (SDN) technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are getting wider application prospects for sensor nodes that can get new functions after updating program codes. The issue of disseminating program codes to every node in the network with minimum delay and energy consumption have been formulated and investigated in the literature. The minimum-transmission broadcast (MTB) problem, which aims to reduce broadcast redundancy, has been well studied in WSNs where the broadcast radius is assumed to be fixed in the whole network. In this paper, an Adaption Broadcast Radius-based Code Dissemination (ABRCD) scheme is proposed to reduce delay and improve energy efficiency in duty cycle-based WSNs. In the ABCRD scheme, a larger broadcast radius is set in areas with more energy left, generating more optimized performance than previous schemes. Thus: (1) with a larger broadcast radius, program codes can reach the edge of network from the source in fewer hops, decreasing the number of broadcasts and at the same time, delay. (2) As the ABRCD scheme adopts a larger broadcast radius for some nodes, program codes can be transmitted to more nodes in one broadcast transmission, diminishing the number of broadcasts. (3) The larger radius in the ABRCD scheme causes more energy consumption of some transmitting nodes, but radius enlarging is only conducted in areas with an energy surplus, and energy consumption in the hot-spots can be reduced instead due to some nodes transmitting data directly to sink without forwarding by nodes in the original hot-spot, thus energy consumption can almost reach a balance and network lifetime can be prolonged. The proposed ABRCD scheme first assigns a broadcast radius, which doesn’t affect the network lifetime, to nodes having different distance to the code source, then provides an algorithm to construct a broadcast backbone. In the end, a comprehensive performance analysis and simulation result shows that the proposed ABRCD scheme shows better performance in different broadcast situations. Compared to previous schemes, the transmission delay is reduced by 41.11~78.42%, the number of broadcasts is reduced by 36.18~94.27% and the energy utilization ratio is improved up to 583.42%, while the network lifetime can be prolonged up to 274.99%.

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“…IoT composed of numerous ubiquitous sensor-based devices can enrich data awareness and acquisition [ 20 , 21 ], combined with current fast-growing computational intelligent technologies [ 22 , 23 ] to make intelligent decisions [ 24 , 25 ], and thus, form smart IoT, which obtain extensive attention from academic and industrial researchers [ 26 , 27 ]. Nowadays, smart sensors based on IoT are playing a more and more fundamental role in many applications [ 28 , 29 ]. For example, they play a key role in long-term monitoring of a wide range of ecological environments [ 30 ], real-time monitoring and intelligent decision-making on traffic status [ 31 ], and are also widely used in agriculture, military, industrial automation, and many other applications [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The issue of reducing delay. Data is routed from the source node to the sink via multi-hop routing, and one of the important performance parameters is delay [ 7 , 9 , 15 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 52 ], which generally refers to the time that the data is generated from the source node until the sink successfully receives the data packet. Obviously, the smaller the delay, the better, because in some delay-sensitive applications, it makes sense to route data to the sink quickly because delayed data transmission may cause disastrous consequences [ 7 , 9 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy Conserving and Transmission Radius Adaptive Scheme to Optimize Performance of Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sensors

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In energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EHWSNs), the energy tension of the network can be relieved by obtaining the energy from the surrounding environment, but the cost on hardware cannot be ignored. Therefore, how to minimize the cost of energy harvesting hardware to reduce the network deployment cost, and further optimize the network performance, is still a challenging issue in EHWSNs. In this paper, an energy conserving and transmission radius adaptive (ECTRA) scheme is proposed to reduce the cost and optimize the performance of solar-based EHWSNs. There are two main innovations of the ECTRA scheme. Firstly, an energy conserving approach is proposed to conserve energy and avoid outage for the nodes in hotspots, which are the bottleneck of the whole network. The novelty of this scheme is adaptively rotating the transmission radius. In this way, the nodes with maximum energy consumption are rotated, balancing energy consumption between nodes and reducing the maximum energy consumption in the network. Therefore, the battery storage capacity of nodes and the cost on hardware. Secondly, the ECTRA scheme selects a larger transmission radius for rotation when the node can absorb enough energy from the surroundings. The advantages of using this method are: (a) reducing the energy consumption of nodes in near-sink areas, thereby reducing the maximum energy consumption and allowing the node of the hotspot area to conserve energy, in order to prevent the node from outage. Hence, the network deployment costs can be further reduced; (b) reducing the network delay. When a larger transmission radius is used to transmit data in the network, fewer hops are needed by data packet to the sink. After the theoretical analyses, the results show the following advantages compared with traditional method. Firstly, the ECTRA scheme can effectively reduce deployment costs by 29.58% without effecting the network performance as shown in experiment analysis; Secondly, the ECTRA scheme can effectively reduce network data transmission delay by 44–71%; Thirdly, the ECTRA scheme shows a better balance in energy consumption and the maximum energy consumption is reduced by 27.89%; And lastly, the energy utilization rate is effectively improved by 30.09–55.48%.

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Delay optimal opportunistic pipeline routing scheme for cognitive radio sensor networks

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Social-aware routing for cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks

Social-aware routing for cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks

An Adaption Broadcast Radius-Based Code Dissemination Scheme for Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks

An Energy Conserving and Transmission Radius Adaptive Scheme to Optimize Performance of Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks

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