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The Internet of Things (IoT)-Cloud combines the IoT and cloud computing, which not only enhances the IoT's capability but also expands the scope of its applications. However, it exhibits significant security and efficiency problems that must be solved. Internal attacks account for a large fraction of the associated security problems, however, traditional security strategies are not capable of addressing these attacks effectively. Moreover, as repeated/similar service requirements become greater in number, the efficiency of IoT-Cloud services is seriously affected. In this paper, a novel architecture that integrates a trust evaluation mechanism and service template with a balance dynamics based on cloud and edge computing is proposed to overcome these problems. In this architecture, the edge network and the edge platform are designed in such a way as to reduce resource consumption and ensure the extensibility of trust evaluation mechanism, respectively. To improve the efficiency of IoT-Cloud services, the service parameter template is established in the cloud and the service parsing template is established in the edge platform. Moreover, the edge network can assist the edge platform in establishing service parsing templates based on the trust evaluation mechanism and meet special service requirements. The experimental results illustrate that this edge-based architecture can improve both the security and efficiency of IoT-Cloud systems.

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We propose a novel event data collection approach named RMER (Reliability and Multi-path Encounter Routing) for meeting reliability and energy efficiency requirements. The contributions of the RMER approach are the following: (a) Fewer monitor nodes are selected in hotspot areas that are close to the Sink, and more monitor nodes are selected in non-hotspot areas, which can lead to increased network lifetime and event detection reliability. (b) The RMER approach sends data to the Sink by converging multi-path routes of event monitoring nodes into a one-path route to aggregate data. Thus, energy consumption can be greatly reduced, thereby enabling further increased network lifetime. Both theoretical and experimental simulation results show that RMER applied to event detection outperforms other solutions. Our results clearly indicate that RMER increases energy efficiency by 51% and network lifetime by 23% over other solutions while guaranteeing event detection reliability.

Abstract-Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology have boosted the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Limited by energy storage capability of sensor nodes, it is crucial to jointly consider security and energy efficiency in data collection of WSNs. Disjoint multi-path routing scheme with secret sharing is widely recognized as one of the effective routing strategies to ensure the safety of information. This kind of scheme transforms each packet into several shares to enhance the security of transmission. However, in many-to-one WSNs, shares have a high probability to traverse through the same link and to be intercepted by adversaries. In this paper, we formulate secret sharing based multi-path routing problem as an optimization problem. Our objective aims at maximizing both network security and lifetime, subject to the energy constraints. To this end, a three-phase disjoint routing scheme, called Security and Energy-efficient Disjoint Route (SEDR), is proposed. Based on secret sharing algorithm, the SEDR scheme dispersively and randomly delivers shares all over the network in the first two phases, and then transmits these shares to the sink node. Both theoretical and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme has significant improvement in network security under both scenarios of single and multiple black holes without reducing the network lifetime.

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Network lifetime is a crucial performance metric to evaluate data-gathering wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where battery-powered sensor nodes periodically sense the environment and forward collected samples to a sink node. In this paper, we propose an analytic model to estimate the entire network lifetime from network initialization until it is completely disabled, and determine the boundary of energy hole in a data-gathering WSN. Specifically, we theoretically estimate the traffic load, energy consumption, and lifetime of sensor nodes during the entire network lifetime. Furthermore, we investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of energy hole, and apply our analytical results to WSN routing in order to balance the energy consumption and improve the network lifetime. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed analytic model in estimating the network lifetime and energy hole evolution process.Index Terms-wireless sensor network, network lifetime, energy hole, energy efficiency, routing.

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