Delay of gratification in chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)

Beran, Michael J.; Savage‐Rumbaugh, E. Sue; Pate, James L.; Rumbaugh, Duane M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199903)34:2<119::aid-dev5>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 110 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Lana was a 27-year-old captiveborn female who was taught a visuographic language system as an infant (Rumbaugh , 1977). Lana had been the focus of research on delay of gratification (Beran, Savage-Rumbaugh, Pate, & Rumbaugh, 1999), longterm retention (Beran, Pate, Richardson , & Rumbaugh, 2000), counting (Rumbaugh, Hopkins, Washburn , & Savage-Rumbaugh, 1989;Rumbaugh & Washburn, 1993), and other cognitive neuropsychological studies (Hopkins, Morris, Savage-Rumbaugh, & Rumbaugh, 1992;Hopkins, Washburn , & Rumbaugh, 1990;Morris & Hopkins, 1993). Mercury was an 11-year-old captive-born male who was reared as a control subject (no language training) in language research with apes.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Chimpanzees Have Expectations About Reward Presentation Following Correct Performance on Computerized Cognitive Testing?

Beran¹

2001

Psychol Rec

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To investigate whether 2 chimpanzees had expectations regarding the outcome of their responses on a computerized task, food reward that typically was given for correct responses was withheld on some correctly completed trials. There were two types of these probe trials: those which the chimpanzees performed correctly on their own, and those during which the chimpanzees needed the experimenter's assistance to complete the trial correctly. For both chimpanzees, reward procurement behaviors directed toward the experimenter occurred significantly more often on correctly completed probe trials than on incorrectly completed trials. This indicated increased expectation of food reward on correct trials as compared to incorrect trials. For 1 of the 2 chimpanzees, reward procurement behaviors were significantly more likely to occur on probe trials on which the chimpanzee received no assistance from the experimenter than on trials in which the experimenter assisted the chimpanzee. This behavioral difference was not predicated on reinforcement history, as all correctly completed nonprobe trials were rewarded whether or not assistance was provided by the experimenter. These data indicate that this chimpanzee may have a rudimentary sense of "equity" regarding what outcome should accompany the successful completion of trials that is dependent on the level of assistance provided by an experimenter during the trial.De Waal (1991) described behaviors in chimpanzees that reflected the chimpanzees' sense of how others should or should not behave. He defined this sense for chimpanzees as "a set of expectations about the

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Chimpanzees Have Expectations About Reward Presentation Following Correct Performance on Computerized Cognitive Testing?

Beran¹

2001

Psychol Rec

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“…In addition to serving as the first subject in lexigram-based ape language research (Rumbaugh, 1977;Rumbaugh & Gill, 1976), Lana also has been the subject of research on animal numerical skills (Rumbaugh, Hopkins, Washburn, & Savage- Rumbaugh, 1989;Rumbaugh & Washburn, 1993), color perception and classification (Essock, 1977), and delay of gratification (Beran, Savage-Rumbaugh, Pate, & Rumbaugh, 1999), as well as having been a subject in other cognitive neuropsychological studies (Hopkins, Morris, Savage-Rumbaugh, & Rumbaugh, 1992;Hopkins, Washburn, & Rumbaugh, 1990;Morris & Hopkins, 1993). She was housed in a building with 3 other chimpanzees and I orangutan, and she was maintained on a regular diet of fruit, vegetables, and protein supplements throughout the course of the experiment.…”

Section: Subjectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chimpanzee’s (Pan troglodytes) long-term retention of lexigrams

Beran

Pate

Richardson

et al. 2000

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In this experiment, a chimpanzee's (Pan troglodytes) long-term retention was examined. The chimpanzee, Lana, was trained to use lexigrams (geometric symbols representing linguistic units) for foods, colors, and objects when she was 2 years of age. At the age of 27, her recognition of three sets of lexigrams was examined. One of these sets (long term lexigrams) included five object lexigrams, one color lexigram, and one food lexigram, none of which had been seen by Lana for more than 20 years. The second set (different-referent lexigrams) contained lexigrams that are still present on current lexigram keyboards, but had been assigned new referents. The third set (same-referent lexigrams) contained lexigrams that had been kept on the keyboards Lana had used and that had retained the same referents. A food, a colored square, or an object was presented, and Lana had to select, by using ajoystick, a lexigram on a computer screen. Lana chose the correct lexigram at a level significantly greater than chance for five of the seven lexigrarns that she had not seen for more than 20 years.Human subjects can retain information for variable lengths oftime. They can retain, over a period of months and even years, course schedules and word lists

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“…In non-human primates, the ability to delay immediate gratification for a more desirable, future reward is associated with a number of advantages, including access to food as well as potential mates [1,2]. Individual variation in these abilities therefore influences not only immediate outcomes but also long-term functioning, including in the areas of reproductive success, foraging efficiency and success, and even tool manufacturing and use [3,4]. Similarly, in humans, individual variability in self-control abilities, both cross-sectionally and prospectively, predict a range of social, cognitive, academic and psychopathological outcomes, including (potentially most notably) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay of gratification is associated with white matter connectivity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex: a diffusion tensor imaging study in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2015

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Individual variability in delay of gratification (DG) is associated with a number of important outcomes in both non-human and human primates. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), this study describes the relationship between probabilistic estimates of white matter tracts projecting from the caudate to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and DG abilities in a sample of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). After accounting for time between collection of DTI scans and DG measurement, age and sex, higher white matter connectivity between the caudate and right dorsal PFC was found to be significantly associated with the acquisition (i.e. training phase) but not the maintenance of DG abilities. No other associations were found to be significant. The integrity of white matter connectivity between regions of the striatum and the PFC appear to be associated with inhibitory control in chimpanzees, with perturbations on this circuit potentially leading to a variety of maladaptive outcomes. Additionally, results have potential translational implications for understanding the pathophysiology of a number of psychiatric and clinical outcomes in humans.

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Delay of gratification in chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)

Cited by 110 publications

References 24 publications

Do Chimpanzees Have Expectations About Reward Presentation Following Correct Performance on Computerized Cognitive Testing?

Do Chimpanzees Have Expectations About Reward Presentation Following Correct Performance on Computerized Cognitive Testing?

A chimpanzee’s (Pan troglodytes) long-term retention of lexigrams

Delay of gratification is associated with white matter connectivity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex: a diffusion tensor imaging study in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

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