Delay-Constrained High Definition Video Transmission in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks with Multi-Homed Terminals

Abstract

Delivering high-quality mobile video with the limited radio resources is challenging due to the time-varying channel status and stringent QoS (Quality of Service) requirements. Multi-homing support enables mobile terminals to establish multiple simultaneous associations for enhancing transmission performance. In this paper, we study the multi-homed communication of delay-constrained High Definition (HD) video in heterogeneous wireless networks. The low-delay encoded HD video streaming consists exclusively of Intra (I) and Predicted (P) frames. In the capacity-limited wireless networks, it is highly possible the large-size I frames experience deadline violations and induce severe quality degradations. To address the challenging problem, we propose a novel scheduling framework dubbed delAy Stringent COded Transmission (ASCOT) that featured by frame-level data protection and allocation over multiple wireless access networks. First, we perform online video distortion estimation to simulate multi-homed transmission impairments according to the feedback channel status and input video data. Second, we control the frame protection level by adapting the FEC (Forward Error Correction) coding redundancy and video data allocation to achieve target quality. The performance of the proposed ASCOT is evaluated through semi-physical emulations in Exata using real-time H.264 video streaming. Experimental results show that ASCOT outperforms existing transmission schemes in improving the video PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio), reducing the end-to-end delay, and increasing the goodput. Or conversely, ASCOT achieves the same video quality with approximately 20% bandwidth conservation.Index Terms-High definition mobile video; stringent delay constraint; heterogeneous wireless networks; multi-homed communication; quality awareness; forward error correction.

TCP-Oriented Raptor Coding for High-Frame-Rate Video Transmission Over Wireless Networks

“…The GoP size is set to be half of the encoding frame rate. The delay constraint T is set to be equal to the playout duration to prevent playback buffer starvation [32]. The video encoding parameters in different mobile emulation scenarios are summarized in Table IV.…”

“…Let λ denote the video encoding rate and we consider the constant bit rate (CBR) stream in this work. In low-delay H.264 video coding, the bidirectional prediction must be disabled to keep the encoding order strictly causal, since the prediction from subsequent frames incurs large delay [32]. Therefore, the realtime HFR video bitstream consists exclusively of Intra (I) and Predicted (P) frames within each GoP.…”

“…We perform the symbol size adjustment with a greedy search for each of the M video frames. In each loop, the symbol size is also selected from the interval of [32,MSS] Bytes. Algorithm 2 summarizes the process of the proposed Raptor coding scheme and the time complexity is concluded in Proposition 2.…”

Enabling Adaptive High-Frame-Rate Video Streaming in Mobile Cloud Gaming Applications

“…This model is widely used in existing studies [10] [41][59] to model the packet loss pattern over wireless networks and can be expressed as a twostate stationary continuous time Markov chain. The state X (t) at time t assumes one of the two states: G (Good) or B (Bad).…”

Receiver-assisted cellular/wifi handover management for efficient multipath multimedia delivery in heterogeneous wireless networks

“…The first concern when employing SCTP for multimedia streaming is related to SCTP's TCPlike AIMD-based congestion control mechanism, which makes SCTP (i) cut the congestion window (cwnd) down to half for a single loss and (ii) enter slow-start phase when primary path switching occurs [10]. Such a "rigid" congestion control mechanism will cause bursty and frequent transmission rate fluctuations, and undoubtedly degrade users' quality of experience (QoE) for multimedia streaming services in a HetNetEnv, in which packet loss and handover tend to occur abruptly due to the characteristics of heterogeneous wireless systems [11].…”