Delay analysis in practical wireless network coding

Li, Huanzhong; Li, Xue; He, Wenbo; Yang, Wei; Wang, Dou

doi:10.1002/wcm.2193

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Low latency demanding applications [1][2][3][4] have always been an important consideration in telecom networks for voice, video, and data communication. Latency is an inherent property of communication channels regardless of the type, medium, and protocols used for the data transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Video Latency Measurement between a Robot and Its Remote Control Station: Causes and Mitigation

Kaknjo

Rao

Omerdić

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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This work presents a detailed study, characterization, and measurement of video latency in a real-time video streaming application. The target application consists of an automatic control system in the form of a control station and the mini Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) equipped with a camera, which is controllable over local area network (LAN) and the Internet. Control signal transmission and feedback measurements to the operator usually impose real-time constraints on the network channel. Similarly, the video stream, which is required for the normal system control and maneuvering, imposes further strict requirements on the network in terms of bandwidth and latency. Based on these requirements, controlling the system in real time through a standard Internet connection is a challenging task. The measurement of important network parameters like availability, bandwidth, and latency has become mandatory for remotely controlling the system in real time. It is necessary to establish a methodology for the measurement of video and network latency to improve the real-time controllability and safety of the system as such measurement is not possible using existing solutions due to the following reasons: insufficient accuracy, relying on the Internet resources such as generic Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers, inability to obtain one-way delay measurement, and many solutions only having support for web cameras. Here, an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective methodology for the measurement of latency of a video stream over a LAN and the Internet is proposed. A dedicated stratum-1 NTP server is used and the necessary software needed for acquiring and measuring the latency of a video stream from a generic IP camera as well as integration into the existing ROV control software was developed. Here, by using the software and dedicated clock synchronization equipment (NTP server), it was found that normal video latencies in a LAN were in the range of 488ms -850ms, while latencies over the Internet were measured to be in the range of 558ms -1211ms. It is important to note that the values were obtained by using a generic (off-the-shelf) IP camera and they represent the actual latencies which might be experienced during control over long range and across international territory borders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Video Latency Measurement between a Robot and Its Remote Control Station: Causes and Mitigation

Kaknjo

Rao

Omerdić

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…In recent years, NC schemes are applied for reliable wireless multicast, which can obtain higher transmission efficiency than the previous methods. However, most of these schemes do not consider load balancing between the nodes, which will lead to local network congestion.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A load‐balancing and coding‐aware multicast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

Geng

Ning

2015

Int J Communication

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Summary In this paper, we propose a Load‐Balancing and Coding‐Aware Multicast (LCM) protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. In LCM protocol, a new route metric named Expected Transmission Time with Coding and Load Balancing (ETTCL) is presented at first, aiming at effectively selecting the path not only that has the possible coding opportunity but also where overflow due to network overload can be prevented. Then, we describe the route discovery phase by constructing the node‐disjoint multicast tree on the basis of ETTCL and employ network coding to encode the data flows for route maintenance. The effectiveness of LCM protocol is simulated and analyzed by NS‐2, which shows that this protocol has good performance in reducing average end‐to‐end delay and control overhead and can improve packet delivery ratio compared with the existing protocol. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Due to that, sensors are highly willing to intentionally free ride [1][2][3][4] for better efficiency selfishly. Especially, in P2P network, which is one of the most extensive network frameworks for WSNs, peers (i.e., wireless sensors) are rational in fact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rational Exchange Protocol under Asymmetric Information in Wireless Sensor Networks

Peng

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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P2P network is one of the most extensive network frameworks for wireless sensor network (WSN) in Internet of Things (IoT). The peers in WSN are rational and often free ride to save power of electricity and calculation, due to the fact that the usability is of great variability and unpredictability. Such a phenomenon tremendously reduces the quality of service (QoS) in WSN. Rational exchange protocol aims at promoting QoS and guaranteeing security and fairness. However, existing schemes have taken only complete information into account, which is not up to realistic environment. The peers in realistic environment indeed possess incomplete information, which is, however, still not thoroughly investigated so far. In this paper, under asymmetric information (a typical incomplete information), an entropy based incentive model is well designed based on Markov model and QoS evaluation model to help peers cooperate in WSNs. A concrete utility function with entropy is constructed to evaluate decision utility in P2P network. Finally, an entropy based rational exchange protocol is proposed based on the presented incentive model and concrete utility function, with analysis of correctness, security, fairness, and robustness, respectively. The proposed protocol can facilitate rational peers positively and sensibly participating in services and prevent free riding for rational peers. Hence, it further promotes QoS and guarantees security and fairness simultaneously in WSNs.

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Delay analysis in practical wireless network coding

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Real-Time Video Latency Measurement between a Robot and Its Remote Control Station: Causes and Mitigation

Real-Time Video Latency Measurement between a Robot and Its Remote Control Station: Causes and Mitigation

A load‐balancing and coding‐aware multicast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

A Rational Exchange Protocol under Asymmetric Information in Wireless Sensor Networks

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