Degrees of Destruction of Historical Castles and Fortifications of Ukraine - the Basis for the Complex Process of Restorative-Reconstructive Transformations in them

Abstract

The article proposes determining the current state of historical castles and fortifications by establishing a qualitative indicator that reveals their historical and architectural value and integrity, respectively, through the degree of historical and architectural value and the degree of destruction. The definition of the concept of destruction is given. Three degrees of destruction of historical castles and fortifications have been identified. The I degree of destruction – is insignificant, point destruction; the II degree of destruction – is significant destruction; the III degree of destruction – is ruin. The systematization of the existing historical castles and fortifications of Ukrainian Volyn and Podillia according to the degree of destruction has been carried out. Depending on the degree of destruction during the complex process of restorative-reconstructive transformations (RRT), it was proposed to use various methods (preserving and restoring) to preserve, recover, and activate them. Historical castles and fortifications of the I degree of destruction are recommended: museumification and modification of the original function, as the preserving PRT methods, and fragmentary restoration, integral restoration, revalorization with functional development or functional addition, as restoring RRT methods. For the II degree of destruction - museumification with modification of the original function and adjustment, as preserving RRT methods, integral restoration, revalorization, regeneration with adaptation to new functions, as restoring RRT methods. For the III degree of destruction - conservation and museumification, respectively, with a functional interpretation and modification of the original function, as preserving RRT methods, as well as fragmentary restoration and adaptation to completely new functions, as restoring RRT methods. Recommendations are given on topical new functions for these castles and fortifications in their functional adaptation.