Degradation of sulfamethazine, tetracycline, and tylosin in prairie strip soils and row crop soils

Abstract

The livestock industry in the United States is heavily reliant on antibiotics for disease prevention and disease treatment. These compounds are excreted into manure, which is applied to farmland as fertilizer. Once introduced to the soil environment, there is risk that these compounds can accumulate and create selective pressure for antibiotic resistant bacteria, or

Antibiotic resistance gene dissipation in soil microcosms amended with antibiotics and swine manure

“…Additionally, the sampling sites were limited both geographically, in that they were all located within Iowa, and by soil types, all being a loam soil and having similar clay content (Iverson, 2020). Likewise, the row crop and prairie strip soils may have shown similarity as all prairie strip establishments were restored and had ages that were relatively young.…”

“…The use of the lower end of this range was further justified by previous observations of ARG enrichment following exposure to antibiotic concentrations near 10 μg kg −1 (Heuer et al., 2008; Soni et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2015). Preliminary antibiotic analysis of the manure source showed this manure contained 1,200 μg kg −1 tetracycline, whereas sulfamethazine and tylosin were not detected (Iverson, 2020). Therefore, the stock solution was composed of 64 mg L −1 tetracycline HCl, 100 mg L −1 of sulfamethazine, and 100 mg L −1 tylosin A prepared in methanol.…”

“…Preliminary antibiotic analysis of the manure source showed this manure contained 1,200 µg kg -1 tetracycline, while sulfamethazine and tylosin were not detected (Iverson, 2020).…”

Evaluation of prairie strips to mitigate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance contaminants from agroecosystems to the environment

“…Additionally, the sampling sites were limited both geographically, in that they were all located within Iowa, and by soil types, all being a loam soil and having similar clay content (Iverson, 2020). Likewise, the row crop and prairie strip soils may have shown similarity because all prairie strip establishments were restored and were relatively young.…”

“…The use of the lower end of this range was further justified by previous observations of ARG enrichment following exposure to antibiotic concentrations near 10 μg kg −1 (Heuer et al, 2008;Tang et al, 2015). Preliminary antibiotic analysis of the manure source showed this manure contained 1,200 μg kg −1 tetracycline, whereas sulfamethazine and tylosin were not detected (Iverson, 2020). Therefore, the stock solution was composed of 64 mg L −1 tetracycline HCl, 100 mg L −1 of sulfamethazine, and 100 mg L −1 tylosin A prepared in methanol.…”