Degradation of solar concentrator performance in the aftermath of Mount Pinatubo

Michalsky, Joseph; Pérez, Raül Orús; Seals, R. K.; Ineichen, Pierre

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(94)90070-1

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This reduction was most pronounced in the latter half of 1991 and in 1992 and had begun to disappear by the end of 1993 (Michalsky et al 1994;Molineaux and Ineichen 1996;Adeyefa et al 2000). There was also a large anomalous increase in the diffuse fraction (Michalsky et al 1994;Molineaux and Ineichen 1996;Adeyefa et al 2000) during the same period that accords with the time scale of the observed atmospheric CO 2 anomaly. Thus, there would have been a reduction in the volume of shade within vegetation canopies as a result of the anomalous increase in the diffuse fraction.…”

Section: Mt Pinatubo -The Effect Of Perturbations In the Diffuse-glomentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Pinatubo eruption the solar irradiance at the surface typically declined by a few percent (Molineaux and Ineichen 1996). This reduction was most pronounced in the latter half of 1991 and in 1992 and had begun to disappear by the end of 1993 (Michalsky et al 1994;Molineaux and Ineichen 1996;Adeyefa et al 2000). There was also a large anomalous increase in the diffuse fraction (Michalsky et al 1994;Molineaux and Ineichen 1996;Adeyefa et al 2000) during the same period that accords with the time scale of the observed atmospheric CO 2 anomaly.…”

Section: Mt Pinatubo -The Effect Of Perturbations In the Diffuse-glomentioning

confidence: 91%

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On the direct effect of clouds and atmospheric particles on the productivity and structure of vegetation

et al. 2001

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The volume of shade within vegetation canopies is reduced by more than an order of magnitude on cloudy and/or very hazy days compared to clear sunny days because of an increase in the diffuse fraction of the solar radiance. Here we show that vegetation is directly sensitive to changes in the diffuse fraction and we conclude that the productivity and structure of vegetation is strongly influenced by clouds and other atmospheric particles. We also propose that the unexpected decline in atmospheric [CO] which was observed following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption was in part caused by increased vegetation uptake following an anomalous enhancement of the diffuse fraction by volcanic aerosols that would have reduced the volume of shade within vegetation canopies. These results have important implications for both understanding and modelling the productivity and structure of terrestrial vegetation as well as the global carbon cycle and the climate system.

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Section: Mt Pinatubo -The Effect Of Perturbations In the Diffuse-glomentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Mt Pinatubo -The Effect Of Perturbations In the Diffuse-glomentioning

confidence: 91%

On the direct effect of clouds and atmospheric particles on the productivity and structure of vegetation

et al. 2001

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“…8a). The El Chicho´n and Mount Pintatubo eruptions injected the stratosphere with 6 and 20 million metric tonnes of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), respectively, which within months had spread across the globe (Michalsky et al, 1994). Through chemical reactions, the SO 2 was transformed into sulphuric acid droplets (H 2 SO 4 mixed with water), a highly SW reflective aerosol that is so small it can stay in the atmosphere for several years.…”

Section: Aerosol Optical Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal variability of clouds, solar radiation and temperature at a high-latitude coastal site in Norway

Parding

Olseth

Dagestad

et al. 2014

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C TThe observed variability of shortwave (SW) irradiance, clouds and temperature and the potential connections between them is studied for the subarctic site Bergen (60.48N, 5.38E), located on the Norwegian west coast. Focusing on the quality and spatial representativity of the data, we compare observations from independent instruments and neighbouring measurement sites. The observations indicate that the decrease of sunshine duration and SW irradiance during the 1970s and 80s in Bergen is associated with the increasing frequency of clouds, in particular clouds of low base heights. We argue that the observed cloud changes are indicative of increased frequencies of storms in northern Europe. The annual mean observational time series show an increase in SW irradiance since 1990, which is not accompanied by a cloud cover (NN) decrease. This implies the influence of factors other than clouds, for example, decreasing aerosol emissions. Calculations of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) based on irradiance observations for hours when the sun is unobscured by clouds confirm a decreasing aerosol load after 1990, from 0.15 to 0.10 AOD which corresponds to 2Á6 Wm (2 of brightening.At the same time, a seasonal analysis reveals opposite changes in SW irradiance and NN during the months of strongest changes Á March, April and August Á also during the recent period of increasing SW irradiance. We conclude that the seasonally decreasing NN also contributes to the recent changes in SW irradiance. Finally, we address the relationship between temperature, SW irradiance and clouds. In winter (DecemberÁFebruary), the surface air temperature in Bergen is statistically linked to the warming influence of clouds. In all other seasons, the North Atlantic sea surface temperature variability has a more dominant influence on the air temperature in Bergen compared to local cloud and SW irradiance variability.

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“…Mt Pinatubo's eruption in the Philippines in June 1991 at 15'N, was shown to be responsible for a 30% drop in net beam irradiance observed in Geneva in the first winter after the eruption. see Michalsky et al (1994). After March 1993. for latitudes above 40"N, the effect can be considered negligible and thus did not influence the Geneva data used in this study.…”

Section: ( 5 )mentioning

confidence: 98%

96/02028 Direct luminous efficacy and atmospheric turbidity — Improving model performance

1996

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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Abstract-Of all the atmospheric constituents, aerosol content is shown to be responsible for the greatest yariations in direct luminous efficacy. Some clarity is brought to the comparison between Linke's and Angstrom's turbidity coefficients, respectively TL and p. Grenier's recent formulation of the optical thickness of a water and aerosol free atmosphere is presented here in a simplified expression. Based on these results and Dogniaux's illuminance turbidity factor, T,. two direct luminous efficacy models are derived, one of which is tuned to our experimental data. The input parameters are optical air mass, fi, and water vapour content in the tuned version. These models perform significantly better than any of twelve other models found in the literature when compared to 1 yr's measurements from each of two sites in the U S . and Switzerland. In both sites. /l was derived from horizontal visibility estimated in a nearby airport.

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Degradation of solar concentrator performance in the aftermath of Mount Pinatubo

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

On the direct effect of clouds and atmospheric particles on the productivity and structure of vegetation

On the direct effect of clouds and atmospheric particles on the productivity and structure of vegetation

Decadal variability of clouds, solar radiation and temperature at a high-latitude coastal site in Norway

96/02028 Direct luminous efficacy and atmospheric turbidity — Improving model performance

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