Degradation of Ochratoxin A by a Ruminant

Hult, Karl; Teiling, Anna; Gatenbeck, Sten

doi:10.1128/aem.32.3.443-444.1976

Cited by 110 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the findings of six ruminating 12-week-old calves, which were fed diets containing 390 to 540 μg OTA/kg for 87 days and did not show any evidence of kidney or liver damage (Patterson et al 1981). Since it was concluded that cows may degrade OTA in feeds contaminated with up to 12 mg/kg of the toxin by the aid of rumen microorganisms (Hult et al 1976), it was assumed that the rumen microorganisms protected the cows against its toxic effects. The results obtained in this study show that the repeated ingestion of diets containing up to 100 μg/kg of OTA does not cause an adverse effect on the body condition of cows.…”

Section: Body Conditionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry‐over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows

Hashimoto¹,

Katsunuma²,

Nunokawa³

et al. 2015

Animal Science Journal

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of repeated ingestion of ochratoxin A (OTA) on milk production of lactating Holstein cows over 28 days, and the carry-over of OTA from the diets into the milk and tissues of the cows. Nine cows were divided into three groups, labeled OTA5, OTA50 and OTA100, and fed a diet containing 5, 50 and 100 µg OTA/kg of dry matter, respectively. Body weight, feed intake and daily milk yield in cows were not different among the three groups during the OTA-intake period. OTA residues were neither detected in the tissues, such as liver, kidney, muscles, fat and jejunoileum, nor in the milk of any cows in the OTA intake groups. In contrast, a small amount of OTA (0.1 µg/kg) was detected in the blood plasma of one sample in the OTA50 group and multiple samples in the OTA100 group. The results of this study show that the ingestion of diets containing up to 100 µg/kg of OTA over 28 days does not affect feed intake or milk production of cows, and the dietary OTA is not carried over into milk and edible tissues such as the liver, muscles and fat.

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Section: Body Conditionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry‐over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows

Hashimoto¹,

Katsunuma²,

Nunokawa³

et al. 2015

Animal Science Journal

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“…Regarding OTA, several reports describe OTA degrading activities of the microbial flora of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract including rumen microbes of cow and sheep (Galtier and Alvinerie 1976;Hult et al 1976;Park et al 1988) and microbes living mainly in the caecum and large intestine of rats (Madhyastha et al 1992). The human intestinal microflora can also partially degrade OTA (Akiyama et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Bacillus spp. from Thai fermented soybean (Thua-nao): screening for aflatoxin B₁and ochratoxin A detoxification

et al. 2008

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Aims: To study the interaction between Bacillus spp. and contaminating Aspergillus flavus isolated strains from Thai fermented soybean in order to limit aflatoxin production. To study the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) by Bacillus spp. in order to find an efficient strain to remove these toxins. Methods and Results: One A. flavus aflatoxin‐producing strain and 23 isolates of Bacillus spp. were isolated from soybean and fresh Thua‐nao collected from the north of Thailand. Inhibition studies of A. flavus and A. westerdijkiae NRRL 3174 (reference strain) growth by all isolates of Bacillus spp. were conducted by dual culture technique on agar plates. These isolates were also tested for AFB1 and OTA detoxification ability on both solid and liquid media. Most of the strains were able to detoxify aflatoxin but only some of them could detoxify OTA. Conclusions: One Bacillus strain was able to inhibit growth of both Aspergillus strains and to remove both mycotoxins (decrease of 74% of AFB1 and 92·5% of OTA). It was identified by ITS sequencing as Bacillus licheniformis. The OTA decrease was due to degradation in OTα. Another Bacillus strain inhibiting both Aspergillus growth and detoxifying 85% of AFB1 was identified as B. subtilis. AFB1 decrease has not been correlated to appearance of a degradation product. Significance and Impact of the Study: The possibility to reduce AFB1 level by a strain from the natural flora is of great interest for the control of the quality of fermented soybean. Moreover, the same strain could be a source of efficient enzyme for OTA degradation in other food or feeds.

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“…OTA can be degraded by enzymes (especially proteolytic enzymes) and different microbial populations in intestines. 22,23 In ruminants, OTA is degraded by microbes in the 3 forestomach compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum), which makes ruminants less sensitive to OTA. Although in nonruminants, microbial degradation basically takes place in large intestine after absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, OTA is more dangerous in nonruminants and pig is particularly sensitive among farmed animals. 22 Thus, the objectives of this article were to verify OTA-induced the nephrotoxicity and immunotoxicity and to study the effects of OTA on ER stress, p38, and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway expression, and autophagy in kidney and spleen of weaned pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ochratoxin A on ER stress, MAPK signaling pathway and autophagy of kidney and spleen in pigs

Gan

Hou

Zhou

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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Ochratoxin A (OTA), a worldwide mycotoxin found in food and feeds, is a potent nephrotoxin and immunotoxin in animals and humans. This research was conducted to evaluate whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, MAPK signaling pathway and autophagy were induced by OTA in kidney and spleen of pigs. Twenty-seven crossbred pigs randomly allocated to 3 groups were fed for 42 days ad libitum a basal diet without (Con group, 0.00 μg OTA/kg) and with supplementation of OTA at 400 (OTA-L group) and 800 μg/kg (OTA-H group). From each group, 6 pigs were randomly selected for blood collection on days 0, 21, and 42 and 3 pigs were randomly selected for tissue collection on day 42. The results showed that OTA at 400 and 800 μg/kg diets significantly increased OTA concentrations in serum and kidney and spleen induced the histopathological lesions of kidney and spleen, decreased TCR-stimulated T lymphocyte viabilities and IL-2 concentration, increased TNF-α concentration, and decreased T-AOC levels. OTA increased glucose regulated protein 78, p38, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and LC3 II and Atg5 protein expression in kidney and spleen of pigs. These results provide new insights into the relationship between OTA and ER stress, p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway and autophagy in pigs.

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Degradation of Ochratoxin A by a Ruminant

Abstract: The fate of ochratoxin A during incubation with contents from the four stomachs ofthe cow was studied. It was concluded that ochratoxin A was cleaved into the nontoxic ochratoxin a and phenylalanine by the contents from all but the abomasum.

Cited by 110 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry‐over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows

Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry‐over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows

Isolation of Bacillus spp. from Thai fermented soybean (Thua-nao): screening for aflatoxin B₁and ochratoxin A detoxification

Effects of ochratoxin A on ER stress, MAPK signaling pathway and autophagy of kidney and spleen in pigs

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Degradation of Ochratoxin A by a Ruminant

Abstract: The fate of ochratoxin A during incubation with contents from the four stomachs ofthe cow was studied. It was concluded that ochratoxin A was cleaved into the nontoxic ochratoxin a and phenylalanine by the contents from all but the abomasum.

Cited by 110 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry‐over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows

Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry‐over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows

Isolation of Bacillus spp. from Thai fermented soybean (Thua-nao): screening for aflatoxin B1and ochratoxin A detoxification

Effects of ochratoxin A on ER stress, MAPK signaling pathway and autophagy of kidney and spleen in pigs

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Product

Resources

About

Isolation of Bacillus spp. from Thai fermented soybean (Thua-nao): screening for aflatoxin B₁and ochratoxin A detoxification