Degradation of low rank coal by Rhizopus oryzae isolated from a Pakistani coal mine and its enhanced releases of organic substances

Enzymatic decolorization of melanin by lignin peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium

“…The reactions or samples that showed the highest decolorization of melanin in the optimization experiment were further analyzed by FTIR (Model No 56, Merlin, Germany) spectroscopy. The samples were centrifuged (10,000 rpm for 1 min) and air-dried as a preparation step for the FTIR analysis 20 . A qualitative analysis of melanin samples was performed using UV-Vis near infrared (NIR) spectrometer Lambda 900/Perkin Elmer Instruments.…”

“…After 48 h of incubation, the mature nauplii were collected from the lit compartment using a pasteurized pipette. Five different dilutions (20,40,60,80, and 100 µL/ml) of the degraded melanin and LiP were tested for cytotoxicity effects. The degraded melanin was added to the small test tubes each having 2 mL of seawater with 10 live brine shrimp larvae.…”

Extraction optimization and quality evaluation of humic acids from lignite using the cell-free filtrate of Penicillium ortum MJ51

“…The coal samples used in this experiment were collected from the Mile Coal Mine in Yunnan Province, China, and then transported to the laboratory and stored at 4 C. The coal samples were ground to a diameter of 0.18-0.25 mm and dried to a constant weight in an oven at 80 C. Chemical characterization of the coal samples, which included proximate analysis, caloric value and vitrinite reectance, was performed according to Sabar et al (2019). 17 The gross caloric value and vitrinite reectance of the coal were measured using a 5E-C5508 Kaiyuan Calorimeter (Changsha, China) and a Leitz Orthoplan microscope (Solms, Germany), respectively. The ash and volatile contents of the coal samples were 29.5% and 44.04%, respectively, and the gross caloric value and vitrinite reectance index were 18.63 MJ kg À1 and 0.39%, respectively.…”

“…38,46 The reason for this is that the presence of too much pulverized coal will cause cell damage and inhibit the activity of cells and enzymes related to coal degradation. 17 Conversely, CFF has a stronger tolerance to coal than living cells during the coal degradation process; thus, CFF can withstand greater coal addition, which provides greater potential for an improved HA concentration in fermentation products.…”

“…The amount of HAs produced via biological methods is inuenced by the culture conditions, temperature, time, coal particle size, coal loading ratio and oxidation content of coal. 17,24 Accordingly, an appropriate experimental design is necessary to optimize the extraction conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been widely used to explore the optimal conditions related to multiple factors.…”