Degradation of lindane and endosulfan by fungi, fungal and bacterial laccases

Abstract

The ability of two white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus) and one brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum) to degrade two organochlorine insecticides, lindane and endosulfan, in liquid cultures was studied and dead fungal biomass was examined for adsorption of both insecticides from liquid medium. Lindane and endosulfan were also treated with fungal laccase and bacterial protein CotA, which has laccase activities. The amount of degraded lindane and endosulfan increased with their exposure period in the liquid cultures of both examined white-rot fungi. Endosulfan was transformed to endosulfan sulphate by T. versicolor and P. ostreatus. A small amount of endosulfan ether was also detected and its origin was examined. Degradation of lindane and endosulfan by a brown rot G. trabeum did not occur. Mycelial biomasses of all examined fungi have been found to adsorb lindane and endosulfan and adsorption onto fungal biomass should therefore be considered as a possible mechanism of pollutant removal when fungal degradation potentials are studied. Bacterial protein CotA performed more efficient degradation of lindane and endosulfan than fungal laccase and has shown potential for bioremediation of organic pollutants.

Diverse Metabolic Capacities of Fungi for Bioremediation

“…Various databases like MetaCyc database (MetaCyc.org) are helpful in describing metabolic pathways and enzymes for aspects like bioremediation [152]. Absorption onto the fungal biomass has been suggested to be one mechanism of pollutant removal in addition to action of enzymes such as laccases as shown during transformation of endosulphan to endosuplhan sulphate and little amount of endosulpan ether in presence of white-rot fungi T. versicolor and P. ostreatus [153]. Electron spray ionization (ESI) analysis indicated that the key mechanism of fungal decolorization of synthetic dyes involved N-demethylation [154].…”

Expression and characterization of a thermostable organic solvent-tolerant laccase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a

“…First and the most famous bacterial laccase is thermostable CotA originating from spore coat of Bacillus subtilis [3]. CotA performed more efficient degradation of organochlorine insecticides, lindane and endosulfan than fungal laccase and has shown potential for bioremediation of xenobiotics [4]. Recent publications demonstrate high interest in laccases, whether chemical modification for pH and thermostabilization is investigated [5], synthesis of fine chemicals and the modification of biopolymers [6,7] or completely new applications such as first enzymatic Achmatowicz reaction [8].…”

Biodegradation of chlorinated organic pesticides endosulfan and chlorpyrifos in soil extract broth using fungi

“…versicolor, which were also sensitive to higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos. These were included in the biodegradation studies as a positive control for the test pesticides because they were earlier reported for the favorable degradation of both pesticides (Bumpus, Kakar, & Coleman, 1993;Gouma, 2009;Kullman & Matsumura, 1996;Ulcnik et al, 2013). introduced to the site (bioaugmentation; Bisht et al, 2015;Vidali, 2001).…”

“…For this purpose, a total of 12 fungi were used. Ten of these fungi, I. lacteus, S. commune, T. hirsuta, C. cladosporioides, P. decumbens, P. frequentans, P. fimeti, T. harzianum, T. virens, and T. viride, showed high tolerance to both pesticides and two fungi, P. chrysosporium, and T. versicolor, served as a positive control for the endosulfan and chlorpyrifos degradation assay due to their degradation ability reported in previous studies (Gouma, 2009;Kakar & Coleman,1993;Kullman & Matsumura, 1996;Ulcnik, Kralj, & Pohleven, 2013 Among the test fungi, C. cladosporioides (83.70 ± 2.16%) showed the maximum degradation of chlorpyrifos in SEB after 15 days of incubation, followed by P. frequentans (74.60 ± 2.24%), which was at par with T. versicolor (72.56 ± 2.20%) and T. hirsuta, (68.27 ± 2.06%).…”