Diverse Metabolic Capacities of Fungi for Bioremediation

Deshmukh, Radhika; Khardenavis, Anshuman A.; Purohit, Hemant J.

doi:10.1007/s12088-016-0584-6

Cited by 299 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…The prevalence of toxic metals in the environment is of particular relevance to fungal biology. Some fungi are able to accumulate metals to high concentrations, making such fungi dangerous for human consumption 2,3 , allowing bioremediation of contaminated sites 4 or concentrating valuable metals for extraction 5 . Zinc and copper play essential roles in many cellular functions and are often important in fungal virulence 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eukaryotic transposable elements as “cargo carriers”: the forging of metal resistance in the fungusPaecilomyces variotii

Urquhart

Chong

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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29The horizontal transfer of large gene clusters by mobile elements is a key driver of prokaryotic 30 adaptation in response to environmental stresses. Eukaryotic microbes face similar 31 environmental stresses yet a parallel role for mobile elements has not yet been established. A 32 stress faced by all microorganisms is the prevalence of toxic metals in their environment. In 33 fungi, identified mechanisms for protection against metals generally rely on genes that are 34 dispersed within an organism's genome. Here we have discovered a large (~85 kb) region that 35 confers resistance to several metals in the genomes of some, but not all, strains of a fungus, 36Paecilomyces variotii. We name this region HEPHAESTUS (Hϕ) and present evidence that this 37 region is mobile within the P. variotii genome with features highly characteristic of a 38 transposable element. While large gene clusters including those for the synthesis of secondary 39 metabolites have been widely reported in fungi, these are not mobile within fungal genomes. 40 HEPHAESTUS contains the greatest complement of host-beneficial genes carried by a 41 transposable element in eukaryotes. This suggests that eukaryotic transposable elements might 42 play a role analogous to their bacterial counterparts in the horizontal transfer of large regions of 43 host-beneficial DNA. Genes within HEPHAESTUS responsible for individual metal resistances 44 include those encoding a P-type ATPase transporter, PcaA, required for cadmium and lead 45 resistance, a transporter, ZrcA, providing resistance to zinc, and a multicopper oxidase, McoA, 46 conferring resistance to copper. Additionally, a subregion of Hϕ conferring resistance to 47 arsenate was identified. The presence of a strikingly similar cluster in the genome of another 48 fungus, Penicillium fuscoglaucum, suggests that HEPHAESTUS arrived in P. variotii via horizontal 49 gene transfer.50 51 KEYWORDS 52 53 Eurotiales, gene cluster, metal homeostasis, horizontal gene transfer, transposon 54 3 INTRODUCTION 55 56Metals are used within diverse fields such as agriculture, construction, electronics and 57 pharmaceutical science. A number of these, such as cadmium, lead and arsenic, are toxic even 58 at low levels of exposure and thus environmental contamination resulting from their use is an 59 increasing concern 1 . The prevalence of toxic metals in the environment is of particular 60 relevance to fungal biology. Some fungi are able to accumulate metals to high concentrations, 61 making such fungi dangerous for human consumption 2,3 , allowing bioremediation of 62 contaminated sites 4 or concentrating valuable metals for extraction 5 . Zinc and copper play 63 essential roles in many cellular functions and are often important in fungal virulence 6 . However, 64 at high concentrations these metals can also be toxic; for example, copper-based molecules are 65 frequently used as fungicides in agriculture. 66 67 Compared to prokaryotes, our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms through which 68 eukaryotes have ada...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eukaryotic transposable elements as “cargo carriers”: the forging of metal resistance in the fungusPaecilomyces variotii

Urquhart

Chong

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Saprophytic fungi like Aspergillus and Pencillum have been reported to degrade chlorocyclohexane (Maqbool et al 2016). Besides, Trametes, Aspergillus and Penicillium have been reported for their ability to degrade dioxin (Chang 2008; Deshmukh et al 2016; Pathak and Navneet 2017). Interestingly, degradation of dioxin appeared to be limited to the G15Y and G15S only and were not carried downstream of the confluence, suggesting momentary effect of Yamuna River only on the confluence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal communities (Mycobiome) as potential ecological indicators within confluence stretch of Ganges and Yamuna Rivers, India

Samson

Rajput

Shah

et al. 2019

Preprint

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38River confluences are a hub of biodiversity with limited information with respect to the structure and the 39 functions of the microbial communities. The 'River Ganges' is the national river of India, having manifold 40 significance such as social, mythological, historic, geographic and agro-economic. It forms a sacred confluence 41 (known as Triveni Sangam) with River Yamuna at Prayagraj, India. Recent reports indicated the presence of fecal 42 coliform bacteria, an indicator recognized for water contamination in Ganges River leading to pollution. However, 43Fungi are also gaining attention as potential biological indicators of the trophic status of some rivers globally, but 44 remain under-explored in terms of diversity, ecology and functional aspects. We performed whole long read, 45 metagenome sequencing (MinION) of the sediment samples collected in December 2017 from confluence zone of 46 Ganges and Yamuna Rivers spanning the pre-confluence, confluence and post-confluence zones. Mycobiome reads 47 revealed a plethora of fungal communities, extending from saprophytes, endoparasites and edible fungi, to human 48 pathogens, plant pathogens and toxin producers. The fungal genera recognized as bio-indicators of river pollution 49 (Aspergillus, Penicillium) and eutrophication (Kluveromyces, Lodderomyces, and Nakaseomyces), were present in 50 all samples. Functional gene analyses of myco-communities uncovered hits for neurodegenerative diseases and 51 xenobiotic degradation potential, supporting bio-indicators of pollution. This study forms a foundational basis for 52 understanding the impact of various anthropogenic activities on the mycobiome, as a bio-indicator of pollution 53 across the confluence of Ganges and Yamuna Rivers and post-confluence of River Ganges, and could be useful in 54 mitigating strategies for cleaning strategies of the Ganges River.55

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“…There are reports that yeast cells produce a variety of enzymes involved in their degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, complex organic compounds with fused and highly stable polycyclic aromatic rings using the cytochrome P450 (Deshmukh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The elimination of a wide range of pollutants and wastes from the environment is an absolute requirement to promote a sustainable development of our society with low environmental impact. The focus of this study is to remediate, monitor the progress of bioaugmentation in a hydrocarbon polluted soil using yeast isolates and to highlight the needs for integration of laboratory data to full scale in situ bioremediation. In this study, yeast isolates were used to bioaugment Bonny light crude oil polluted soil in Niger Delta. Yeast isolates used were Candida adriatica ZIM 2468 and Candida taoyuanica MYA-4700. The indigenous fungal isolates identified from the soil were species of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Candida, Rhodotorula and Saccharomyces. One kilogram of fresh soil sample was polluted with crude oil (10%). Physico-chemical analysis was carried on the fresh soil before and after pollution. Candida adriatica ZIM 2468, Candida taoyuanica MYA-4700 and a consortium containing both isolates were inoculated into the different microcosms to increase the number of microorganisms. At every fourteen days, samples were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and microbial counts were carried out. Total petroleum losses of 84.6% (Aconsortium of Candida adriatica ZIM 2468 and Candida taoyuanica MYA-4700), 77.3% (B -Candida adriatica ZIM 2468), 73.4% (C -Candida taoyuanica MYA-4700) and 28.7% (Control -unamended) were recorded in the bioaugmentation set-up, respectively at day 56. On the whole, amending with both Candida species proved to be more effective in hydrocarbon utilization.

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Diverse Metabolic Capacities of Fungi for Bioremediation

Cited by 299 publications

References 155 publications

Eukaryotic transposable elements as “cargo carriers”: the forging of metal resistance in the fungusPaecilomyces variotii

Eukaryotic transposable elements as “cargo carriers”: the forging of metal resistance in the fungusPaecilomyces variotii

Fungal communities (Mycobiome) as potential ecological indicators within confluence stretch of Ganges and Yamuna Rivers, India

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